What is Aspartame?

Aspartame, one of the world’s most common artificial sweeteners, has been the subject of various debates and controversies. Recently, the cancer research arm of the World Health Organization (WHO), known as the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), made headlines with its upcoming listing of aspartame as “possibly carcinogenic.”  

IARC: The Cancer Research Arm 

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) serves as the cancer research arm of the World Health Organization. It focuses on evaluating potential carcinogens and assigning risk classifications.  

The Composition of Aspartame 

Aspartame is made up of a methyl ester formed by combining two natural amino acids, specifically L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine. Discovered by James M Schlatter, a chemist at G D Searle & Co. in 1965, aspartame was initially stumbled upon during research on an anti-ulcer drug when Schlatter detected its sweet taste accidentally. 

Sweetness and Caloric Content 

According to the FDA, Aspartame is approximately 200 times sweeter than table sugar. Despite its high sweetness intensity, 1 gram of aspartame contains only 4 kcals, making it a preferred choice for individuals looking to cut calories or manage weight. 

Safety Certifications 

Numerous studies, totaling over 100, have consistently found no evidence linking aspartame to harm. The USFDA has reviewed aspartame’s safety five times since permitting its use in food in 1981. Additionally, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and national regulators in various countries, including Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, have certified aspartame as safe for human consumption. 

Special Considerations for Phenylketonurics 

Individuals suffering from phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare inherited disorder, should avoid consuming aspartame. PKU patients lack the enzyme necessary to break down phenylalanine, one of the amino acids present in aspartame. Foods containing aspartame carry a warning label stating “Not for phenylketonurics.” 

Concerns Surrounding IARC Assessments 

The IARC’s assessments have raised concerns among consumers, leading to confusion and legal disputes. Critics argue that the assessments can be misleading and contribute to public uncertainty. 

Month: Current Affairs - June, 2023

Category: Science & Technology Current Affairs