Notes:
Kalhana penned the book named Rajatarangini in 12th century CE. It is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit. Rajatarangini describe the misrule prevailing in Kashmir during the reign of King Kalash, son of King Ananta Deva of Kashmir.

Notes:
Under the Part XXI of the Constitution of India, which deals with “Temporary, Transitional and Special provisions”, Article 370 is a temporary provision granting special autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir. However, all sections of article 370 except article 370(1) have been abrogated in 2019.

Notes:
Kashmir was annexed to the Mughal Empire by Akbar. Akbar was increasing his territories. Zain-ul-Abidin was a great liberal king known as ‘Akbar of Kashmir’ as akbar was liberal. Kalhana’s authoritative work ‘Rajatarangini’ is on history of Kashmir.

Notes:
After the death of Ksemagupta (king of Kashmir), Queen Didda ruled Kashmir from 958 AD to 1003 AD . She was the lohara  dynasty princess who married to Ksemagupta and united the kingdom of Lohara with that of her husband.

Notes:
Banihal is an important pass connecting the hill areas of Jammu to the Kashmir Valley. The Jawahar Tunnel (named after Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru), inaugurated in December 1956, was constructed for round-the-year surface transport. 
Zoji La lies between the valley of Kashmir and the Kargil district, and is the only Western entrance to the highlands of Ladakh. Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh, India.
Mohan Pass is the principal pass in the Shiwalik Hills, the southernmost and geologically youngest foothills running parallel to the main Himalayas in Sikkim.
Kora La at 4,594 meters elevation on the Nepal-Tibet border at the upper end of Mustang. The Kali Gandaki Gorge transects the main Himalaya and Transhimalayan ranges. Kora La is the lowest pass through both ranges between K2 and Everest, but some 300 metres higher than Nathula and Jelepla passes further east between Sikkim and Tibet.
Aghill Pass: Situated to the north of K2 in the Karakoram at an elevation of 5000 meters, joins Ladakh with the Xinjiang Province of China. Bara-Lacha: Bara-lacha la also known as Bara-lacha Pass is located in the Zanskar range connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, situated along the Leh-Manali highway.
Bomdi-La: It connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.
Chang-La:
The Changla Pass or Chang La Pass (el. 5,360 m is located in Ladakh, India. It is the third highest motorable road in the world.
Debsa Pass: Debsa Pass is a 5,360-metre (17,590 ft) high mountain pass in the Himalaya mountains between the Kullu and Spiti Districts of Himachal Pradesh.
Dihang-Debang: Situated in the state of Arunachal Pradesh at an elevation of about 4000 feet this pass connects Arunachal Pradesh with Mandalay (Myanmar). The Dihang-Debang Biosphere reserve is located around this area.

Notes:
Siddi Dhamal, popularly known as Dhamal, is a unique dance form of the Siddi community of Gujarat. It is predominantly practiced in Saurashtra and Rajpipla regions of the state. Gotipua is a traditional dance form in the state of Odisha, and is also the precursor of Odissi classical dance. It has been performed in Odisha for centuries by young boys, who dress as women to praise Jagannath and Krishna. The dance is executed by a group of boys who perform acrobatic figures inspired by the life of Radha and Krishna. Bhand Pather is a traditional folk theatre form performed by the “Bhand”, i.e., folk entertainers of Jammu & Kashmir.

Notes:
Seabuckthorn is a medicinal plant found in the Himalayan region. Our country holds tremendous potential in respect of Seabuckthorn fruit production and diverse varieties which have health-promoting properties and can play a crucial role in preventing soil erosion and help nitrogen fixation in cold and desert areas. This is the most important environmental benefit of the Seabuckthron. Seabuckthorn fruit grows in the cold deserts of Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, Lahul-Spiti in Himachal Pradesh and some parts of Arunachal Pradesh.

Notes:
India’s Seed Vault is located at Chang La, a high mountain pass in Ladakh. It is a joint venture of the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources and the Defence Institute of High Altitude Research. It aims at safeguarding the crop diversity and agricultural wealth of our country by storing seeds at a minus 15 to minus 20 degree Celsius (range) for a longer period of time thereby ensuring seed safety.

Notes:
Dr. Hamidi Kashmiri, the tallest literary figure in the world of Urdu language, literature and literary criticism, has passed away in Srinagar, J&K on December 27, 2018. He was a prolific creative writer, an acclaimed critic and propounder of “Iktishaafi Tanqueed”. He has also been the Vice Chancellor of University of Kashmir for years during the most difficult times of militant unrest. His some notable works include Iqtishafi Tanqeed Ki Sheryat, Ainame Ibraaq, Mahasir Tanqeed, Riyasati Jammu Aur Kashmir Urdu Adab, Jadeed Kashir Shayeri , etc. Kashmiri is a recipient of the Ghalib Award and Sahitya Akademi Award (2005). The Government of India honored him in 2010, with the third highest civilian award of Padma Shri.