States PCS: Jharkhand GK for JPSC and other Jharkhand State Exams

Notes:
Palamu district was known as Palaun or Palaon during the Mughal period. It was officially formed as a district on 1 January 1892, with its headquarters at Daltonganj (now Medininagar). The district was previously a subdivision after the 1857 revolt. Garhwa and Latehar districts were created later, in 1991 and 2001 respectively. There is no historical record of Gumla or Chatra being called Palaun.

Notes:
The Jagannathpur Temple is located in Ranchi, Jharkhand. It was completed on 25 December 1691. The builder was Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo, a zamindar of Barkagarh under Naagvanshi patronage. The date is confirmed by a marble cenotaph inside the temple. The temple resembles the Kalingan style of architecture, similar to the Jagannath Temple in Puri. The construction took place during the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.

Notes:
The Satavahana dynasty, based in Andhra Pradesh, did not invade Jharkhand. The Pal dynasty ruled parts of medieval Jharkhand and constructed Buddhist monasteries like the 10th-century site in Hazaribagh. The Gurjara-Pratihara conducted military campaigns near Chotanagpur as recorded in Gupta-era inscriptions. Rashtrakutas were involved in power struggles affecting the region. Satavahanas had settlers in Jharkhand but no recorded military invasions. Local dynasties such as Nagvanshi and Chero faced invasions from Mughals and Marathas, not Satavahanas.

Notes:
In July 1988, the Bharatiya Janata Party’s Bihar unit passed a resolution demanding a separate Vananchal state. This demand was focused on tribal regions of South Bihar. The proposal was distinct from the broader Jharkhand movement. The Vananchal state concept included only South Bihar, while Jharkhand sought to unite tribal areas across Bihar, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal. BJP leaders like Atal Bihari Vajpayee supported the Vananchal demand in 1988.

Notes:
The Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa were granted to the British East India Company in 1765. This transfer occurred after the Battle of Buxar in 1764. The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II authorized this in the Treaty of Allahabad. Robert Clive negotiated the treaty on behalf of the Company. The Company obtained revenue collection rights, while the Nawab of Bengal retained nominal administrative power.

Notes:
The Bihar Land Reforms Act was introduced in 1950 to abolish the Zamindari system. The Bihar Abolition of Zamindari Bill was passed in 1947 and amended in 1948, but the 1950 Act was the main law that ended zamindari. Bihar was the first state to implement this Act, removing intermediaries and transferring land ownership to cultivators. The Supreme Court validated the Act in 1952 after legal challenges.

Notes:
Barindra Kumar Ghosh was the younger brother of Sri Aurobindo. He obtained his initial education in Deoghar district of present-day Jharkhand. After his father’s death in 1893, he lived in Deoghar with relatives and attended the local school. He passed the entrance exam in 1901 and later studied at Patna College. Deoghar was part of Bihar before Jharkhand’s formation. His early education in Deoghar influenced his revolutionary activities.

Notes:
In 1988, the Bharatiya Janata Party demanded a separate Vananchal state from Bihar’s Chhotanagpur-Santhal regions. This demand was part of a movement launched to counter the Jharkhand state demand. Vananchal later evolved into the modern state of Jharkhand, which was formed in 2000. There are no credible records of similar demands by BJP in 1982, 1984, or 1986.

Notes:
Shibu Soren founded Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) and led movements against exploitation of tribals by politicians, landlords, and moneylenders. He opposed police torture and brutality, including the 1975 Chirudih massacre. He also fought against labour exploitation through agitations for rights to water, forest, and land. His activism contributed to the formation of Jharkhand state in 2000. He is known as “Dishom Guru” among the Santhals community.

Notes:
Birsa Munda was born on November 15, 1875, in Ulihatu, Ranchi district. He led the Ulgulan revolt from 1899-1900 against British rule and exploitation. Birsa was arrested on February 3, 1900, and died in Ranchi Central Jail on June 9, 1900, at the age of 25. Official records state he died from cholera, though poisoning is suspected. His death inspired the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act of 1908.