States PCS: Jharkhand GK for JPSC and other Jharkhand State Exams

Notes:
The Subarnarekha River originates in Ranchi and serves as part of the eastern boundary between Jharkhand and West Bengal.

Notes:
Microlithic tools are small stone equipments made from chert, quartzite, and flint found in Jharkhand’s plateau regions such as Chotanagpur Plateau and Singhbhum. These tools date to the Mesolithic period (circa 10,000-8,000 BCE). They have been discovered at sites like Balidiha, Ergoda, and Galudih, often in ferricrete uplands and river valleys. These artefacts indicate advanced stone tool-making techniques during that time in the region.

Notes:
Lal Baba was the leader of the Safahod revolt (1870) in Santhal Parganas, Jharkhand. He gave the Ram Naam mantra to revolutionaries to build religious spirit and self-confidence. He formed the Deshoddharak Dal with associates Paika Murmu, Pagan Marandi, Bhatu Soren, and Rasik Lal Soren. Protesters adopted practices like wearing Janeu and avoiding meat and liquor. The British banned Tulsi Chaura and chanting of Ram Naam during this period.

Notes:
The Bhumij Revolt of 1832-33 was caused by exploitative land revenue policies of the East India Company. The British introduced new land regulations and permanent settlement systems, dispossessing tribal farmers of their lands. The Puncheet estate’s sale to pay taxes triggered unrest, as zamindars increased taxation and tribal lands were seized or transferred to outsiders. These revenue demands and land alienation motivated Ganga Narayan Singh’s rebellion in the Jungle Mahal and Manbhum regions.

Notes:
The Tana Bhagat movement faction burned the Bishunpur police station on August 18, 1942, during the Quit India Movement. The movement began in 1914 under Jatra Oraon in Chhotanagpur, present-day Jharkhand. They opposed British policies using satyagraha, aligning with Gandhi’s non-cooperation by 1921. The Bishunpur attack followed the Quit India call on August 8, 1942. Jharkhand historical records document their active participation in the 1942 freedom struggle.

Notes:
The 53rd session of the Indian National Congress was held at Ramgarh in 1940. It was presided over by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and attended by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. The session protested Britain’s involvement of India in World War II without Indian consent. It laid groundwork for the Quit India Movement of 1942. Ramgarh is located near Ranchi in present-day Jharkhand state, on the banks of the Damodar River.

Notes:
The Hul Jharkhand Party was founded on 28 December 1968 after splitting from the Jharkhand Party. It operated among non-Christian Adivasis in the Santhal Parganas region, which was part of Bihar at the time and is now in Jharkhand. The party was named after the 1855 Santhal Hul rebellion. It contested the 1969 Bihar elections and won 5 seats. Other regions like Singhbhum, Manbhum, and Birbhum had different political movements or parties.

Notes:
Sheikh Bhikhari was a leader during the 1857 revolt in Jharkhand’s Chotanagpur region. He blocked the British army’s advance to Ranchi by cutting down trees in Chutupali valley (Chutupalu Ghati). This action obstructed the British forces before combat. Sheikh Bhikhari was captured and hanged at Chutupali Ghati on January 8, 1858, along with Tikait Umrao Singh. The blockade at Chutupali valley prevented British occupation of Ranchi during the revolt.

Notes:
The British first entered Jharkhand through Singhbhum district in 1767. Singhbhum was the initial area of British incursion in the region. Other areas like Santal Pargana came under British control earlier but were part of Bihar administration. The British expanded later to districts such as Palamau and Chota Nagpur. Singhbhum’s entry marked the start of British control in Jharkhand. The district lies in the southeastern part of Jharkhand.

Notes:
Budhu Bhagat, an Oraon tribal leader from Silagai village, Ranchi district, Jharkhand, led the ‘Larka’ movement in 1832. The movement opposed British colonial rule and zamindar exploitation. It united tribes including Kol, Munda, Ho, Bhumij, and Oraon using guerrilla warfare with bows, arrows, and axes. The rebellion spread across Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Palamu, and Manbhum. Budhu Bhagat was captured at Tiku village on February 13, 1832, and martyred.