Biology MCQs

Notes:
In the human body, there are a total of 12 pairs of ribs. Out of these, the first 7 pairs are referred to as “true ribs.” True ribs are so named because they are directly connected to the sternum (breastbone) through their own costal cartilages. Each true rib consists of a bony portion that connects to the spine and a cartilaginous portion that attaches to the sternum.

These true ribs play a crucial role in protecting the internal organs within the thoracic cavity, including the heart and lungs. The remaining 5 pairs of ribs are known as “false ribs” – they are either indirectly connected to the sternum or not connected at all. False ribs are attached to each other through cartilage or are floating freely, not attaching to the sternum directly.

Notes:
Albumin is an energy storage protein and also an important osmoregulator of blood.

Notes:
Dengue which is found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world is a mosquito borne disease and caused by a virus. Symptoms typically begin to appear three to fourteen days after infection.

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Wilson’s disease is a genetic disorder in which excess copper builds up in the body. Symptoms are typically related to the brain and liver. Some of the symptoms are vomiting, weakness, fluid build up in the abdomen, swelling of the legs, etc.

Notes:
Cystitis is related to Bladder

Notes:
Most of the essential micronutrients are almost exclusively stored in the husk, aleurone and embryo of rice, which are removed during the polishing process. Polishing of rice is required as the oil-rich aleurone layer turns the seed rancid upon storage and therefore making rice unsuitable for consumption. Consequently, the rice endosperm that comprises the edible part of rice for humans lacks or contains only small amount of key micronutrients (e.g., iron, zinc, protein, provitamin A, and other vitamins) that are essential for a healthy diet. Considering the facts above and severity of widespread micronutrient malnutrition, iron biofortification in rice endosperm is a promising strategy to overcome iron deficiency effectively.

Notes:
Apart from air, 15 of the essential nutrients are supplied by the soil to plants. Out of them, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium are called primary nutrients or macronutrients. Three more elements viz. Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur are known as secondary nutrients because the deficiency of them is less likely to be a growth limiting factor. 

Notes:
Potato and Brinjal have several common features and are thus included in the same genus Solanum. The scientific name of Potato is Solanum tuberosum and Brinjal is Solanum melongena.

Notes:
The chemical name of Vitamin B3 is Niacin which is a water soluble vitamin. It is an important nutrient. In fact, every part of your body needs it to function properly. As a supplement, niacin may help lower cholesterol, ease arthritis and boost brain function, among other benefits.

Notes:
Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem. The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem. Water moves from the xylem into the mesophyll cells, evaporates from their surfaces and leaves the plant by diffusion through the stomata.