1. In which among the following organ, “Bowman’s Capsule” is found?
[A] Liver
[B] Kidney
[C] Heart
[D] Small intestine
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Kidney]
Notes:
Each kidney is made of tube like structures called nephrons (renal tubules). A nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. The cup-shaped upper end called Bowman’s capsule, has a network of capillaries within it called glomerulus. Glomerulus is a knot of capillaries formed from the artery which brings blood containing wastes and excess of water to the kidney. Bowman’s capsule leads into a tubular structure.
2. Which among the below is not a food plant?
[A] Allium cepa
[B] Allium sativum
[C] Asparagus officinalis
[D] Atropa belladona
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Atropa belladona]
Notes:
Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a poisonous perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Allium cepa, Allium sativum and Asparagus officinalis are food plants.
3. Due to which of the processes in plants the Radiocarbon dating is possible to estimate their age?
[A] Growth
[B] Chemosynthesis
[C] Photosynthesis
[D] Assimilation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Photosynthesis]
Notes:
Due to photosynthesis in plants the Radiocarbon dating is possible to estimate their age. Radiocarbon is a method for determining the age of an object which contains organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
4. Which among the following is correct definition of Bacteriophage?
[A] A Bacteria that destroys Virus
[B] A Virus that destroys Bacteria
[C] A Bacteria that destroys another bacteria
[D] A Bacteria that destroys Fungi
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [A Virus that destroys Bacteria]
Notes:
Bacteriophage a virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it. Bacteriophages are commonly used in genetic research. They are composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome, and may have structures that are either simple or elaborate.
5. The Gram Positive Bacteria can be identified by the Gram staining because of the following reasons?
[A] The cell walls have more lipids compared to peptidoglycan
[B] The Cells walls have more Peptidoglycan compared to Lipids
[C] The Cells membrane has more fatty acids
[D] The plasma has Peptidoglycans
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [The Cells walls have more Peptidoglycan compared to Lipids]
Notes:
The cell wall which is made up of Peptidoglycan as well as lipids gets violet due to the reaction of the CV+. After the decolorization with alcohol, the lipids gets dissolved and the bacteria with higher Peptidoglycan remain violet. These are called Gram Positive bacteria.
6. Which among the following option would normally have the highest Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)?
[A] A running river
[B] A running polluted river
[C] Untreated Municipal waste water
[D] Ocean water
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Untreated Municipal waste water]
Notes:
BOD is amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period, for running rivers, it would be minimum and for Untreated Municipal waste water it would be maximum.
7. The Trans-fats cause problems in human body because__:
[A] The fat molecules contain high energy that cause oxidation of the tissues
[B] The structure of the fat molecules is such that more molecules can fit in lesser space
[C] The fat molecules contain lesser energy and can not be used so easily
[D] None of the above reasons
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [ The structure of the fat molecules is such that more molecules can fit in lesser space]
Notes:
Trans unsaturated fats are particularly risky because the double bond stereochemistry allows the fat molecules to assume a linear conformation, which leads to efficient packing (i.e., plaque formation).
8. Which of the following does not hold true for Animal belonging to Phylum chordate?
[A] A post-anal part(tail) is present
[B] Notochord present
[C] Pharynx perforated by gill slits.
[D] Heart is dorsal(if present)
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Heart is dorsal(if present)]
Notes:
Chordata is a familiar phylum that includes organisms like mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians (all vertebrates); sea squirts (tunicates); and lancelets (cephalochordates).
9. Through which of the following mechanisms genes control the activity of living organisms? (UPSC Prelims 1986)
[A] Photosynthesis
[B] Protein synthesis
[C] Vitamins
[D] Hormones
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Protein synthesis]
Notes:
The genes control the characteristic by making a specific protein. Genes are the segment of DNA that contains information to form RNA which ultimately forms protein. Each gene contains two alleles and this instructs the cell to make protein for expression of traits.
If the plant has gene for green seeds then it will make protein which will give green colour to seeds.
10. Which vitamin is also called as retinol?
[A] Vitamin A
[B] Vitamin C
[C] Vitamin D
[D] Vitamin K
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Vitamin A]
Notes:
Vitamin A is also called as retinol deficiency of which results in xeropthalmia. Chemical formula for Vitamin A is C20H30O.
