1. Which among the following cells is capable to develop in any of the type of cell?
[A] Endothelial
[B] Endodermal
[C] Stem
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Stem]
Notes:
A stem cell is a cell with the unique ability to develop in any of the type of cell. In the future they may be used to replace cells and tissues that have been damaged or lost due to disease.
2. The gastric acid which is secreted by the stomach epithelium cells is actually which of the following ?
[A] H2So4
[B] HCL
[C] H20
[D] H2s
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [HCL]
Notes:
These cells are also called Parietal cells and produce gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) in response to histamine , acetylcholine and gastrin receptors
3. Which one of the following pairings is inaccurate?
[A] Malleus – Middle Ear Bone
[B] Maxilla – Facial Bone
[C] Lunate Carpal Bone – Wrist Bone
[D] All are correct
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Maxilla – Facial Bone]
Notes:
The Maxilla is not a Cranial Bone as suggested in the original match. In fact, it is a significant bone of the facial structure. It assists in the formation of the orbit, roof of the mouth, and the shape and size of the upper dental arch. Its primary role includes facilitating mastication and communication.
4. Which of the following is the result of the decrease in white blood cells? (UPSC Prelims 1979).
[A] Decrease in Antibodies
[B] Increase in Antigens
[C] Increase in Antibodies
[D] No change
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Decrease in Antibodies]
Notes:
A low white blood cell count usually is followed by decrease in number of antibodies. When your white blood cell count is low you may not have the usual signs and symptoms when developing an infection such as Redness, Swelling, Pus formation, Cough, Sputum, Nasal drainage and decrease in antibodies.
5. Why do the tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in summer? (UPSC Prelims 1983)
[A] Leaves get dried up due to the excessive heat
[B] To prevent excessive loss of water through transpiration
[C] Because rainfall is inadequate
[D] Days are longer
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [To prevent excessive loss of water through transpiration]
Notes:
Tropical deciduous forests shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in summer. As this is a hot-dry season, the leaves get dry due to high temperature and deficiency of moisture causing these trees to shed their leaves.
6. Which of the following is the quality of the pitch of the voice of women? (UPSC Prelims 1994)
[A] marginally lower than that of men
[B] higher than that of men
[C] much lower than that of men
[D] the same as that of men
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [higher than that of men]
Notes:
The larger the larynx, the longer and thicker the vocal folds and the lower the pitch of the voice. Typical male voices range in pitch from 85 hertz to 180 hertz. Typical female voices range from 165 hertz to 255 hertz.
7. Which of the following is the name given to the cellular and molecular control of programmed cell death? (UPSC Prelims 2001)
[A] Apoptosis
[B] Ageing
[C] Degeneration
[D] Necrosis
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Apoptosis]
Notes:
• Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis occurs during normal cell turnover, development and in immune system.
• Ageing is the accumulation of changes.
• Degeneration is the deterioration of a tissue or an organ in which its function is diminished or its structure impaired.
• Necrosis is the disorganized break down of flesh in some part of the body of multicellular organism.
8. Which organelle in the cell, other than nucleus, contains DNA? (UPSC Prelims 2001)
[A] Centriole
[B] Golgi apparatus
[C] Lysosome
[D] Mitochondrion
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Mitochondrion]
Notes:
Mitochondrion is the organelle in the cell, other than nucleus that contains DNA. Mitochondria are the working organelles that keep the cell full of energy. Mitochondria are small organelles floating free throughout the cell. Some cells have several thousand mitochondria while others have none. Muscle cells need a lot of energy so they have loads of mitochondria.
9. Which branch of biology is known for the scientific study of organic matter in living things?
[A] Photophysical
[B] Biochemistry
[C] Biotechnology
[D] Molecular Biology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Biochemistry]
Notes:
Biochemistry is the application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level.
10. The theory of DNA structure and nature was propounded by __?
[A] Oswald Avery
[B] James Black
[C] Watson and Crick
[D] John Eccles
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Watson and Crick]
Notes:
Watson and Crick realized that DNA was made up of two chains of nucleotide pairs that encode the genetic information for all living things.
