1. What is the main function of Lymphocytes?
[A] Production of Antibodies
[B] Production of Antigens
[C] Production of White Blood Cells
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Production of Antibodies]
Notes:
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that are part of the immune system. Their main function is to produce antibodies that protect the body from foreign invaders, such as viruses, bacteria, and toxins. These antibodies help the body respond to and eliminate foreign invaders, which provides protection against infectious diseases.
Lymphocytes also help the body’s immune system remember every antigen it comes in contact with. After an encounter, some lymphocytes turn into memory cells.
There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. B cells produce antibodies that attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins. T cells destroy the body’s own cells that have been taken over.
If you have low numbers of lymphocytes (lymphopenia), you are at higher risk of infection. Symptoms can range from mild to serious and are correlated to the severity of the lymphopenia as well as its duration. Some people have no symptoms.
2. Which among the following plays a role in production of alcohol in beer?
[A] Bacteria
[B] Protozoan
[C] virus
[D] Yeast
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Yeast]
Notes:
Yeast plays a role in production of alcohol in beer. Yeast is a little, single-cell organism and is one of the simplest forms of plant life. It is responsible for the fermentation process in beer.
3. Which among the following function as locus of biochemical reactions?
[A] Cell plasma
[B] Cell membrane
[C] Cell walls
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Cell membrane]
Notes:
The cells membranes hold enzymes of sequential reactions in close proximity
4. Which component in light causes suppression of melatonin produced by the pineal gland?
[A] Red
[B] Blue
[C] Green
[D] Indigo
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Blue]
Notes:
Blue component in light causes suppression of melatonin produced by the pineal gland. Melatonin regulates the sleep–wake cycle. Natural levels of melatonin in the blood are highest at night.
5. Biologists have been able to demonstrate the hearing and sound sensory mechanism through the acoustico-lateralis system in which of the following vertebrates ?
[A] amphibians
[B] snakes
[C] fishes
[D] Birds
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [fishes]
Notes:
Biologists have been able to demonstrate the hearing and sound sensory mechanism through the acoustico-lateralis system in fishes.
6. Which of the following is the largest gland in human body?
[A] Thyroid
[B] Kidney
[C] Liver
[D] Pancreas
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Liver]
Notes:
Liver is both the heaviest internal organ and the largest gland in the human body. Located in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity, it rests just below the diaphragm, to the right of the stomach and overlies the gallbladder.
7. What is the time taken by the rashes to appear on the body of the patient after the Measles attack? (UPSC Prelims 1979).
[A] One day
[B] Four days
[C] Six days
[D] One week
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Four days]
Notes:
Measles is a very infectious and potentially serious illness that is caused by a type of virus called paramyxovirus. It is spread from person to person by coughing, sneezing or sometimes kissing. Symptoms will usually begin to show 10 to 14 days after infection with the measles virus. A person with measles is infectious for 2-4 days before the rash appears (when there may be symptoms of fever and tiredness), and for up to 4 days after the rash has appeared.
8. Which of the following is the reason behind when one enters a dark room; he is not able to see anything but after some time his vision improves? (UPSC Prelims 1983)
[A] The retina of the eye comes forward
[B] The retina of the eye moves backward
[C] The pupil of the eye contracts
[D] The pupil of the eye dilates
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [The pupil of the eye dilates]
Notes:
Our eyes cannot see everything clearly when we enter a dark room from a bright light. This is due to the reason that in dark room the pupil is large so when we come out in bright light, a large amount of light enters our eyes and we feel glare.
9. Which of the following is not an element of the bone? (UPSC Prelims 1988)
[A] Calcium
[B] Phosphorus
[C] Carbon
[D] Oxygen
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Carbon]
Notes:
Bones consist of living cells embedded in a mineralized organic matrix. This matrix consists of organic components, mainly type I collagen – “organic” referring to materials produced as a result of the human body – and inorganic components, primarily hydroxyapatite and other salts of calcium and phosphate.
10. Which vitamin is also called as riboflavin?
[A] Vitamin B1
[B] Vitamin B2
[C] Vitamin B3
[D] Vitamin B6
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Vitamin B2]
Notes:
Vitamin B2 is also called as riboflavin. Chemical formula of vitamin B2 is C17H20N4O6.
