Biology MCQs

Notes:
TB is bacterial disease caused by “Mycobacterium tuberculosis” bacteria that most often affect the lungs. The disease is spread from person to person through the air. It commonly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is the second biggest killer disease worldwide next only to HIV/AIDS. It can be completely cured with proper and regular medication

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Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ of the wheat kernel, which makes up only 2.5% by weight of the kernel. It has the highest content of Vitamin E.

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The pituitary gland or hypophysis is located in one of the bones at the base of the skull. It has two portions viz. anterior hypophysis and posterior hypophysis.
The anterior part produces two hormones that work directly viz. growth hormone (GH) and prolactin; and four tropic hormones {tropic hormones regulate the other endocrine glands} viz. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
The posterior part releases two hormones produced in the hypothalamus viz. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin).

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Hepatitis A which is the most common cause of jaundice in young people is an infection of liver by virus. It is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food and water or through direct contact with an infectious person.

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The insect “Apis mellifera” is commonly known as the honey bee. The Western honey bee is the most common of the 7–12 species of honey bees worldwide. The genus name “Apis” is Latin for “bee”, and “mellifera” is Latin for “honey-bearing” or “honey carrying”.  Honey bees are known for their role in pollination. They were domesticated for honey production and crop pollination. Honey bees produce honey, wax, propolis, and royal jelly.  Honey bees are red/brown with black bands and orange yellow rings on their abdomen. They have hair on their thorax and less hair on their abdomen. The workers and queens have stingers, whereas the drones are stingless.

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Ornithophily refers to the pollination through birds. Birds which are involved in ornithophily are specialist nectarivores with brushy tongues and long bills, that are either capable of hovering flight or light enough to perch on the flower structures.

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Alzheimer's is caused by brain cell death. It is a neurodegenerative disease, which means there is progressive brain cell death that happens over a course of time. It is caused due to deficiency of acetylcholine.

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A Xerophyte is a species of plant that has adapted to survive in an environment with little liquid water, such as a desert or an ice- or snow-covered region in the Alps or the Arctic.

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Guard cells are cells surrounding each stoma. They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata. Guard cells are specialized cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are used to control gas exchange. They are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore.

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The liver’s main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. The primary functions of the liver are:
• Bile production and excretion
• Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, and drugs
• Metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
• Enzyme activation
• Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals
• Synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin, and clotting factors