Biology MCQs

Notes:
Nephrons are the basic structural and functional units of the kidneys. Each human kidney contains about 1,200,000 nephrons. Nephrons are made up of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle is the initial filtering component, and the renal tubule processes and carries away the filtered fluid.
Nephrons regulate water and soluble substances in the blood by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed, and excreting the rest as urine. This function is vital for homeostasis of blood volume, blood pressure, and plasma osmolarity.

Notes:
Arthropoda is the largest phylum of animal kingdom because around 2/3rd of all the named species on Earth belong to this phylum.
Ants, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, shrimp, crabs, spiders, scorpions etc. are examples of arthropods. There are three main classes of arthropods as follows:

• Insects: This includes mosquitoes, cockroaches, ants, flies, bees, moths, grasshoppers, beetles and butterflies
• Crustaceans: This includes crabs, lobsters, shrimp and barnacles
• Arachnids: This includes scorpions, spiders and mites

Further, a few other classes are onychophorans (velvet worms), diplopods (millipedes) and chilopods (centipedes).

Notes:
The Nervous system is made up of two types of cells: Glia, which regulate homeostasis, providing support and protection to the function of neurons and Neurons, which transmit signals between them and from one part of the body to another.

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The calorie is a unit of energy widely used in nutrition. The small calorie or gram calorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

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Protein in the pulses (or more correctly legume) is found in Albumin form. Pulses are a low fat source of protein and on average, pulses contain about twice the amount of protein found in whole grains like wheat, oats, barley or rice.

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The name of Karl Landsteiner is associated with the discovery of Human Blood Groups. He was given the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1930 for his discovery in 1901 of, and outstanding work on, the blood groups.

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The cultivation of Jatropha curcas on wastelands has a potential to generate biofuel in large quantities. It is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family called Euphorbiaceae, that is native to the American tropics, most likely in Mexico and Central America.

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Project Kavach is related to AIDS. The AIDS virus can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen or vaginal fluids. Within a few weeks of HIV infection, flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat and fatigue can occur.

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The average life of the Red Blood corpuscles is 100-120 days. Red blood cells are also known as red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes.

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Genetic variability is usually due to a mutation during meiosis (sexual reproduction). In the above question, the answer choices (B) and (D) are examples of asexual reproduction. They create identical offspring.