Biology MCQs

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Adult human stem cells, unlike embryonic stem cells, are found in adult tissues. Among the major sources, bone marrow is often used to procure these cells. They have the property to self-renew and differentiate into numerous types of specialized cells. Stem cells obtained from the bone marrow can form different cells including blood cells and cells that contribute to the immune system.

Notes:
Each kidney is made of tube like structures called nephrons (renal tubules). A nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. The cup-shaped upper end called Bowman’s capsule, has a network of capillaries within it called glomerulus. Glomerulus is a knot of capillaries formed from the artery which brings blood containing wastes and excess of water to the kidney. Bowman’s capsule leads into a tubular structure.

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Diabetes insipidus (DI) is caused by a deficiency of arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by Pituitary Gland which is also called Hypophysis.

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DNA test is most suitable to judge paternity. It looks at specific locations of a person’s genome, in order to find or verify
ancestral genealogical relationships. It can also be used to estimate the ethnic mixture of an individual.

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Wilson’s disease is a genetic disorder in which excess copper builds up in the body. Symptoms are typically related to the brain and liver. Some of the symptoms are vomiting, weakness, fluid build up in the abdomen, swelling of the legs, etc.

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Smallpox vaccine was the first vaccine ever to be developed. Smallpox is an infectious disease which is caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.

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Beta-Keratin is found in reptiles in abundance. β-keratin also known as beta-keratin is a member of a structural protein family and is found in the epidermis of reptiles and birds.

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The term Elasmobranches is a collective name for the sharks, skates and rays. Elasmobranches have a skeleton made of cartilage, no swim bladders and rough skin made up of small dermal dentils. Elasmobranches are renowned for their highly tuned senses.

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Kidney-shaped guard cells are found in dicotyledons. A dicotyledon is a flowering plant with an embroy that bears two cotyledons (seed leaves).

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The five kingdom classification was proposed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969. The five kingdoms were formed on the basis of characteristics. It includes Kingdom Monera, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Animalia.