Biology MCQs

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Nephrons are the basic structural and functional units of the kidneys. Each human kidney contains about 1,200,000 nephrons. Nephrons are made up of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle is the initial filtering component, and the renal tubule processes and carries away the filtered fluid.
Nephrons regulate water and soluble substances in the blood by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed, and excreting the rest as urine. This function is vital for homeostasis of blood volume, blood pressure, and plasma osmolarity.

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Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, bananas, and tamarind. Tartaric acid is used in several food products for its sour taste and antioxidant properties. It has a very sour taste and is a key raw material for making wine, where it plays a vital role in maintaining the color, taste, and texture of the product.

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A halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity. They consists of pneumatophores which are negatively geotropic roots which grow upward & meant for gaseous exchange.

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Alonsoa grandiflora is an ornamental plant

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Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg was a was one of the most famous and productive scientists of his time. He was a German naturalist, zoologist, comparative anatomist, geologist, and microscopist. He coined the term Bacterium.

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The four major elements are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
 

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Kernel smut of rice normally is a minor disease. Damage is caused by the endosperm of the rice grain being replaced by masses of black fungal spores. Sheath blight disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. This fungus is very widespread in agricultural crops.

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Dermatogen is the outer primary meristem of a plant or plant part that according to the histogen theory gives rise to epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermis provides barrier to infection from environmental pathogens.

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Bulbil, also called bulblet, in botany, is a tiny secondary bulb that forms in the angle between a leaf and stem or in place of flowers on certain plants for vegetative reproduction. Bulbils, called offsets when full-sized, fall or are removed and planted to produce new plants.

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Stigma of the plant is used in making the saffron spices. In making the saffron spice, stigma of the plant is used. Stigma is the top of the centre part of a flower. It receives the pollen that allows it to form new seeds.