Biology MCQs

Notes:
Plants, on average, capture only about 0.1 0.4 percent of the solar energy reaching Earth. However, it does not mean that the rest is a “vast untapped reservoir” awaiting man’s exploitation. All biological systems, including crops, follow the second law of thermodynamics when solar energy (a high-energy form) is converted into chemical energy. Plants utilize this chemical energy in the process of building their own tissue.

Notes:
Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in maintaining healthy vision, neurological function. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, which is converted to Vitamin A in the body. Carrots are a good source of several other vitamins and minerals, especially biotin, vitamin K (phylloquinone), potassium and Vitamin B6.

Notes:
An allele is one of a pair of genes that appear at a particular location on a particular chromosome and control the same characteristic, such as blood type or colorblindness. Alleles are also called alleleomorphs. If the two alleles are identical, the individual is called a homozygote; when the two alleles are different, the individual is a heterozygote.

Notes:
Glucose (C6H12O6), also called dextrose, is one of a group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars (monosaccharides). It is found in fruits and honey and is the major free sugar circulating in the blood of higher animals. It is the most important source of energy for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.

Notes:
Triploblasty is a condition of the blastula in which there are three primary germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The germ layers form during gastrulation of the blastula. All “higher” and “intermediate animals” (from flat worms to humans), arise from a triploblastic ovum. Triploblastic organisms generally possess bilateral symmetry.

Notes:
Nitrosomonas is a genus comprising rod shaped chemoautotrophic bacteria. These rare bacteria oxidize ammonia into nitrite as a metabolic process. Nitrosomonas are useful in treatment of industrial and sewage waste and in the process of bioremediation.

Notes:
Sponges are aquatic, mostly marine, primitive multicellular animals that are sessile, plant-like animal are fixed to some submerged solid rock or shell and are incapable of any movement. They come under Porifera phylum. The Porifera are exclusively marine except for a single family of fresh water species.

Notes:
Monogenetic parasites are the parasites that complete their life cycles in one host only. Ascaris is a monogenetic parasite as it completes it life cycle in a single host, i.e., man.

Notes:
Food proteins must be broken down into amino acids that our body uses for tissue growth, maintenance and repair. The enzyme called trypsin, present in pancreatic juice, is essential for efficient protein digestion. It hydrolyzes proteins at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine. It is very similar to another protein digestion enzyme, chymotrypsin.

Notes:
Bromeliads are plants that store water in their leaves. They are epiphytes, which means they grow on other plants but do not harm them. Bromeliads are found in a variety of habitats, including rainforests, deserts, and high-altitude regions. They obtain their nutrients from the air and rainwater that collects in their leaves.
Bromeliads are known to create aquatic habitats by storing water in their leaves. Animals like frogs use these pockets of water for laying their eggs. Bromeliads provide a range of ecosystem services such as maintenance of biodiversity, community structure, nutrient cycling, and the provisioning of food and water.
The most well known bromeliad is the pineapples, but this is just one of over 3000 different species.