Notes:
A biomass is total quantity of weight of the planet that can be classified according to the plants and animals that live in it. Temperature, soil, and the amount of light and water help determine what life exists in a biome.

Notes:
Night blindness, also called nyctalopia, is failure of the eye to adapt promptly from light to darkness that is characterized by a reduced ability to see in dim light or at night. It occurs as a symptom of numerous congenital and inherited retinal diseases or as a result of vitamin A deficiency.

Notes:
Blood group AB individuals have both A and B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, and their blood plasma does not contain any antibodies against either A or B antigen. Therefore, an individual with type AB blood can receive blood from any group (with AB being preferable), but cannot donate blood to any group other than AB. They are known as universal recipients.

Notes:
Evolutionary biologists classify tailbone as vestigial organs, or body parts that have become functionless due to evolution. It is perhaps the most commonly touted example in man of a “useless” evolutionary vestige. Also known as coccyx (because of its similarity to the shape of a cuckoo’s beak), tailbone is a vestigial tail left over from our tailed monkey- like ancestors.

Notes:
Glucose is stored in the body as glycogen. The liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen which is released when it is needed. Also, fat can be converted into glucose when needed. Only the glycogen stored in the liver can be made accessible to other organs.

Notes:
Darwin’s finches are a group of about 15 species of passerine birds. They often are classified as the subfamily Geospizinae or tribe Geospizini. They were first collected by Charles Darwin on the Galápagos Islands during the second voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle. All are found only on the Galápagos Islands. The birds vary in size from 10 to 20 cm and weigh between 8 and 38 grams. The smallest are the warbler-finches and the largest is the Vegetarian Finch. The most important differences between species are in the size and shape of their beaks, that are highly adapted to different food sources available on island.

Notes:
Pellagra also called ‘necklace disease’ defines systemic disease as resulting from a marked cellular deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3). It is characterized by 4 “D’s”: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death. Scurvy is a state of dietary deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). It causes general weakness, anaemia, gum disease, and skin hemorrhages.

Notes:
An allosome is a sex chromosome that differs from an ordinary autosome in form, size, or behaviour. The human sex chromosomes are a typical pair of allosomes. In typical ovum, there is a pair of X-chromosomes while sperm has X and Y chromosome each.

Notes:
The Sporangia are the reproductive structures of the ferns and fern allies. They are miniature sacks or capsules that produce the dust-like spores that are the “seeds” by which ferns are propagated. Several sporangia grouped together are called a Sorus.

Notes:
Sugar, or table sugar, is also known as sucrose. There are actually many different types of sugars – glucose, galactose, fructose and lactose are all sugars, along with sucrose. A more complex example is sucrose (table sugar), which is 42.11% carbon, 6.48% hydrogen, and 51.41% oxygen by mass. Sucrose is made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose joined together.