Indian Geography MCQs

Notes:
Loam soil is the mixture of sand, clay and humus. It has good water-retaining capacity and is sufficiently aerated. This soil contains enough mineral salts in it, and suited for growth of vegetation.

Notes:
The Amravati Reservoir is located in the Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park, which is situated in Tamil Nadu. This sanctuary is part of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its rich biodiversity, including endangered species like the Nilgiri Tahr. The park also features diverse ecosystems, ranging from tropical evergreen forests to grasslands.

Notes:
The ‘O Horizon’, also known as the organic horizon, is the topmost layer of soil that contains decomposed organic matter and is hence referred to as ‘Humus’. This layer is critical in the soil ecosystem as it contributes nutrients and promotes microbial activity. The ‘A’ and ‘B’ Horizons, although important in their respects, do not contain as much organic matter and therefore are not considered to be the ‘Humus’ layer.

Notes:
The Kopili Hydro Project is located in Assam. It was commissioned in 1988 and is operated by the Assam State Electricity Board. The project harnesses the Kopili River, contributing importantly to the region’s power supply. Assam is known for its rich biodiversity and tea plantations, making it a vital state in Northeast India.

Notes:
Ghaggar River is the main seasonal river of Haryana. It is a seasonal river that only flows during the monsoon season. The Ghaggar River originates in the Shivalik Hills of Himachal Pradesh and flows through Punjab and Haryana states into Rajasthan. The river enters Haryana near Pinjore, district Panchkula. The Ghaggar River flows in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the Sutlej. It flows for more than 100 km making the border between Punjab and Haryana.
The Ghaggar River is also known as the “Dead River”. It is dammed at Ottu barrage near Sirsa and feeds two irrigation canals that extend into Rajasthan.

Notes:
The correct answer is that orographic rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over large mountains, leading to cooling and condensation. This type of rainfall is common in India, particularly in the Western Ghats and the Himalayas. The windward side of the mountains receives heavy rainfall, while the leeward side, or rain shadow area, experiences importantly less precipitation. This phenomenon is crucial for understanding regional climates and agriculture in mountainous areas.

Notes:
Penganga River is a tributary of Wardha River, which itself is a tributary of Pranhita River, which in turn flows in to Godavari river. Thus, Penganga, Wardha and Pranhita are tributaries of Godavari River which finally ends into the Bay of Bengal.

Notes:
The six tribes—Toda, Kota, Kurumba, Irula, Paniyan, and Kattunaicken—are recognized as Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) in the Nilgiri Mountains of Tamil Nadu. This region is known for its unique biodiversity and cultural heritage. The Todas are particularly noted for their distinctive dairy farming practices and traditional huts, while the Kotas are known for their blacksmithing skills. The Nilgiri Hills are also part of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its rich flora and fauna.

Notes:
The Gandhi Sagar Dam is built on Chambal river and is located in the Mandsaur & Neemuch district of Madhya Pradesh. It is a masonry gravity dam, standing 62.17 metres (204.0 ft) high, with a gross storage capacity of 7.322 billion cubic metres from a catchment area of 22,584 km2. The dam sports a 115-MW hydroelectric power station at its toe, with five 23-MW generating units each providing a total energy generation of about 564 GWh. The dam’s reservoir area is the second-largest in India (after the Hirakud Reservoir), and attracts a large number of migratory and non-migratory birds throughout the year.

Notes:
Dhupgarh is the highest point in the Mahadeo Hills of Satpura Range in Pachmarhi in the Hoshangabad district of Madhya Pradesh. With an elevation of 1352 meters, it is the highest peak in Satpura mountains.