Notes:
Devprayag is a town and a nagar panchayat in Tehri Garhwal District in the state of Uttarakhand, India, and is the final one of the Panch Prayag of Alaknanda River where Alaknanda meets the Bhagirathi river and both rivers thereafter flow on as the Ganges river or Ganga. 

Notes:
Dras is the coldest place in India. The town is located in Jammu and Kashmir’s Kargil District. It falls on NH 1 between Kargil town and Zoji La pass. It is famously called the ‘the Gateway to Ladakh. Sitting at a height of 10800 ft, the average temperature recorded here is -23 degree Celsius.

Notes:
Shifting cultivation is a form of agriculture in which the cultivated or cropped area is shifted regularly to allow soil properties to recover under conditions of natural successive stages of re-growth. In a shifting cultivation system, at any particular point in time a minority of ‘fields’ is in cultivation and a majority are in various stages of natural re-growth. Over time, fields are cultivated for a relatively short time, and allowed to recover, or are fallowed, for a relatively long time. Eventually a previously cultivated field will be cleared of the natural vegetation and planted in crops again. Fields in established and stable shifting cultivation systems are cultivated and fallowed cyclically. This type of farming is called jhumming in India. It has been practised in the forested regions of the Central highlands of India which comprise of three main plateaus — the Malwa Plateau in the west, the Deccan Plateau in the south (covering most of the Indian peninsula) and the Chhota Nagpur Plateau in the east.

Notes:
The Luni river of western Rajasthan has inland drainage. It originates in the Pushkar valley of the Aravalli Range, near Ajmer and ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, after travelling a distance of 495 km.It is first known as Sagarmati, then after passing Govindgarh, it meets its tributary Sarsuti, from where it gets its name Luni.

Notes:
Originating in the Tibetan Plateau in the vicinity of Lake Manasarovar, Indus River runs a course through the Ladakh , a union territory of India, towards the Gilgit-Baltistan region Hindukush ranges, and then flows in a southerly direction along the entire length of Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi in Sindh.

Notes:
Marwar is a region of southwestern Rajasthan state in western India. It lies partly in the Thar Desert which is the driest region of India. It includes the present-day districts of Barmer, Jalore, Lakshman Nagar, Jodhpur, Nagaur, and Pali. This desert tract, nicknamed Marwar or Marusthali – the Land of Death, lives up to its name with its scorching heat, thorny cactus and scrub, and scanty water.

Notes:
The peninsular rivers are the rivers that originate from the peninsular plateaus and small hills of India. The peninsular Rivers in India include the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Narmada, and Tapti or Tapi. Together they drain a significant portion of rural India. The Alaknanda is a Himalayan river in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and one of the two headstreams of the Ganges, the major river of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. 

Notes:
Kodagu is an administrative district in Karnataka. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State. Coorg is known as the Scotland of the East.

Notes:
The state of Hyderabad was founded by Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah in 1724 CE. He was one of the important nobles of Aurangzeb era. He played an important role in removing Saiyid brothers. For this, he was rewarded with the subedari of Deccan. From 1720 to 1722, he consolidated his hold over Deccan. From, 1722 to 1724, he was the wazir of the Empire, when all his attempts to reform the administration were frustrated. Eventually, he marched to Deccan to carve out his own destiny. Here, he laid the foundation of Hyderabad state. Since Hyderabad state had not declared its independence officially, it was still theoretically a Mughal province. The rulers of the Hyderabad state took the title of Nizam i.e. a provincial governor under the Mughal Empire. Carnatic was one of the Subahs of the Mughal Deccan and as such came under the Nizam of Hyderabad’s authority. In time, Carnatic also became practically independent.