General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

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Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(ClO)2. It is the main active ingredient of commercial products called bleaching powder, chlorine powder, or chlorinated lime, used for water treatment and as a bleaching agents.

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Fermentation is an anaerobic chemical process that breaks down glucose molecules. In baking, yeast consumes sugar and converts it into carbon dioxide and alcohol, making the dough rise. This gas gets trapped in the strands of gluten, resulting in air pockets that cause the dough to rise and form the characteristic spongy texture of bread and cakes. Further, the creation of lactic and acetic acids during fermentation augments this dough handling process, improves flavor, enhances the texture, and extends the shelf-life of the baked products.

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Radioactive materials are first encased in resin or concrete and sealed in steel drums. The drums are then packed into concrete casks and placed in concrete trenches up to 18 metres deep.

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Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell. The development of multicellular organisms is accompanied by cellular specialization and division of labor; cells become efficient in one process and are dependent upon other cells for the necessities of life. Paramecium is single-celled protists naturally found in aquatic habitats. Paramecium is the only genus in the family Parameciidae, which resides within the phylum Ciliophora.

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Trochodendron is a genus of flowering plants with one living species. It is vesselless angiosperm. Fewer than 200 species of angiosperms have the primitive feature of vesselless wood. With two exceptions— Trochodendron and Tetracentron; all vesselless angiosperms occur in the Magnolidae.

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These types of mechanism have been termed seismonastic movements. The movement occurs when specific regions of cells lose turgor pressure, which is the force that is applied onto the cell wall by water within the cell vacuoles and other cell contents.

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Infection is the invasion of an organism’s body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce. Infectious diseases can be spread from one person to another, for example through contact with bodily fluids, by aerosols (through coughing and sneezing), or via a vector, for example a mosquito.

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The small intestine, the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, is the main digester and absorber of food. The small intestine has three distinct regions – the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum–that carry out the absorption of nutrients and minerals from food. It converts the food into a semi-solid mass.

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Enzymes are defined as biological catalysts. Chemically all enzymes are globular proteins. Each enzyme catalyses only one chemical reaction. Protein part of enzyme is known as Apoenzyme. It forms an active enzyme system by combination with a coenzyme and determines the specificity of this system for a substrate.

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Both polio and chicken pox are caused by virus. Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus; while, Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV).