General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

Notes:
Zinc sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnSO4 and historically known as “white vitriol” Zinc sulfate is an inorganic compound and dietary supplement.

Notes:
Because of the screening effect, the net positive charge experienced by the electron from the nucleus is lowered and is known as effective nuclear charge. Effective nuclear charge experienced by the orbital decreases with increase of azimuthal quantum number(l).

Notes:
Fermentation is an anaerobic chemical process that breaks down glucose molecules. In baking, yeast consumes sugar and converts it into carbon dioxide and alcohol, making the dough rise. This gas gets trapped in the strands of gluten, resulting in air pockets that cause the dough to rise and form the characteristic spongy texture of bread and cakes. Further, the creation of lactic and acetic acids during fermentation augments this dough handling process, improves flavor, enhances the texture, and extends the shelf-life of the baked products.

Notes:
Pulses are part of the legume family, but the term “pulse” refers only to the dried seed. Dried peas, edible beans, lentils and chickpeas are the most common varieties of pulses. The term “legume” refers to the plants whose fruit is enclosed in a pod. Other well-known legumes include alfalfa, clover, fresh peas, lupins, mesquite, soy and peanuts.

Notes:
Haemoglobin is called as tetrameric hemoprotein, while myoglobin is called monomeric protein. Haemoglobin is found systematically all over the body, while myo-globin is found in muscles tissues only. The body requires iron for the synthesis of its oxygen transport proteins, in particular hemo-globin and myoglobin.

Notes:
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are microorganisms capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen into fixed nitrogen. Rhizobium is one such bacteria that is associated with leguminous plants (e.g., various members of the pea family). It invades the root hairs of host plants and convert free nitrogen to ammonia, which the host plant utilizes for its development.

Notes:
Based on the dividing capacity of the tissues, various plant tissues can be classified as growing or meristematic tissue and permanent tissue. Meristem is a type of tissue system in plants, composed of a mass of undifferentiated cells and their primary function is to take part in the growth of plants. Permanent tissues are differentiated tissues doing specific functions such as conduction, providing mechanical support or carrying out photosynthesis etc.

Notes:
Sphygmomanometer an instrument for measuring blood pressure. It typically consists of an inflatable rubber cuff which is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury next to a graduated scale, enabling the determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff. The sphygmomanometer was invented by Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch in 1881.

Notes:
Mould is a member of the fungi kingdom. Fungi can be defined as a plant without chlorophyll, so it cannot get energy directly from the sun. This means that fungi must use other plants and animals as its food source. This is why bread mould is so common because of the ingredients in bread, it is an excellent source of nutrition for many moulds to grow and thrive.

Notes:
Protein electrophoresis and Western blotting are both methods used to identify specific proteins in a sample or solution. Western blotting, also known as immunoblotting or protein blotting, is a core technique in cell and molecular biology. It is used to detect the presence of a specific protein in a complex mixture extracted from cells.