General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

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Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. Cellular respiration allows for the release of energy stored in chemical bonds of glucose (obtained from food) to form adenosine triphosphate, which is the energy currency of the cell. For every molecule of glucose, 36 molecules of ATP are made.

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The nucleoplasm is the liquid or semi-liquid substance of the nucleus filling the space around the DNA and the nucleoli. It is a type of protoplasm that is made up mostly of water, a mixture of various molecules, and dissolved ions. It is completely enclosed within the nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope.

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Dolly was a female domestic sheep and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. It was cloned by Keith Campbell, Ian Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the biotechnology company PPL Therapeutics, based near Edinburgh in 1996.

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The smallest objects that can be seen with unaided eye are about 0.1 mm long, which is equal to 100 micrometres. Micron (u) is an alternate name of micrometre.

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Greek thinker Aristotle was the first to attempt to classify all the kinds of animals in his History of Animals. He classified animals according to habitat; whether they lived on land, in water or in the air. He grouped the types of creatures according to their similarities : animals with blood and animals without blood, animals that live on water and animals that live on land.

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The genetic code by which DNA stores the genetic information consists of “codons” of three nucleotides. The functional segments of DNA which code for the transfer of genetic information are called genes. A codon is defined by the initial nucleotide from which translation starts.

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Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi. It includes the study of fungi’s genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicine, food, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or infection.

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Nematocyst, minute, elongated, or spherical capsule produced exclusively by members of the phylum Cnidaria (e.g., jellyfish, corals, sea anemones). Several such capsules occur on the body surface. Also called cnidocyte or cnidoblast, these are specialized cells found in the tentacles of jellyfish capable of projecting a thread-like structure as a form of self-defence or to capture prey.

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Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, colloquially referred to as black lung disease, is a lung disease that results from breathing in dust from coal, graphite, or man-made carbon over a long period of time. Inhaled coal dust progressively builds up in the lungs and is unable to be removed by the body. This leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and in worse cases, necrosis of lungs.

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Ionic compounds have high meltin and boiling points. Also, ionic compounds can conduct electricity in their aqueous solution or in the molten state. Carbon compounds are chemical substances that contain carbon atoms bonded to any other element. Most carbon compounds are molecular and molecular compounds always have lower melting and boiling pointsthan ionic compounds. Carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity as they form covalent bonds, so it does not give rise to free electrons.