General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

Notes:
Lipase is an enzyme made by pancreas, an organ located near stomach. Lipase helps body digest fats. It’s normal to have a small amount of lipase in blood. But, a high level of lipase can mean you have pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, or another type of pancreatic disease.

Notes:
Pneumatic bone is hollow bone filled with air, connected to the respiratory system. Many of a bird’s bones are pneumatic as an adaptation to flying. For flight to occur in Aves, four physical forces (thrust and drag, lift and weight) must work together. In order for birds to balance these forces, certain physical characteristics are required. Which most of the flying birds have acquired in one way or other.

Notes:
Jonas Edward Salk was an American medical researcher and virologist, best known for his discovery and development of the first polio vaccine. by Salk and his research team was the most elaborate program of its kind in history, involving 20,000 physicians and public health officers, 64,000 school personnel, and 220,000 volunteers,” with over 1,800,000 school children participating in the trial. On April 12, 1955, Dr. Thomas Francis, Jr., of the University of Michigan, the monitor of the test results, “declared the vaccine to be safe and effective.”

Notes:
Aorta is the largest blood vessel in human body. It is the largest of the systemic circulation arteries. Blood enters the aorta from the left ventricle of the heart by way of a one-way valve to prevent backflow. From the aorta, several arterial branches carry oxygenated blood under pressure to all tissues in the body.

Notes:
The normal range of concentration of fasting blood sugar is 80 to 120 mg/ml; in the testing of true blood sugar, the normal range of concentration is 70 to 100 mg/ml. So, normal glucose levels fall between 70 and 150 mg. Higher levels may indicate diseases such as diabetes mellitus.

Notes:
Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that is important for metabolism and utilization of energy from the ingested nutrients – especially glucose. It keeps our blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low(hypoglycemia). The pancreas is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates.

Notes:
Hereditary characteristics are passed on from parent to the offspring chiefly through genes. Genes are the working subunits of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the chemical information database that carries the complete set of instructions for the cell as to the nature of the proteins produced by it, its life span, maturity, function and death. The transmission of genes to an organism’s offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits.

Notes:
Tusks are elongated, continuously growing front teeth, usually but not always in pairs, that protrude well beyond the mouth of certain mammal species. They are most commonly canines, as with warthogs, pig, and walruses, or, in the case of elephants, elongated incisors. The tusks are actually upper incisors, not canines. They are the only incisors the elephant has. Elephants, mastodons, and mammoths all have upper incisor teeth that emerge from the skull as tusks.

Notes:
By far the most important microscopic decomposers are bacteria, which do the lion’s share of decomposition in the compost heap. The microbial organisms transform the substance through metabolic or enzymatic processes. It is based on two processes: growth and cometabolism. In growth, an organic pollutant is used as sole source of carbon and energy. This process results in a complete degradation (mineralization) of organic pollutants. But there are other microscopic creatures such as actinomycetes, fungi, and protozoa, that also play an important role.

Notes:
Ringworm, also known as dermatophytosis or tinea, is a fungal infection of the skin or scalp. The name “ringworm” is a misnomer, since the infection is caused by a fungus, not a worm. The infection initially presents with red patches on affected areas of the skin and later spreads to other parts of the body.