General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

Notes:
Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs) do not contain mitochondria when matured. These are the site of aerobic respiration. They they also lack the oxidative enzymes that are required for aerobic respiration. For this reason, Embden-Meyerhof pathway is used to process glucose and thus obtain energy. This is an anaerobic energy producing process that has been shown to use glycogen in the absence of glucose.

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Males carry two different types of chromosomes (XY) while the females carry two chromosomes of single type X and (XX). An XY combination produces a boy baby and an XX combination produces a girl baby. Thus, males are responsible for the determination of the sex of the child.

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A tannin is an astringent, bitter plant polyphenolic compound that binds to and precipitates proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids. It refers to the use of wood tannins from oak in tanning animal hides into leather.

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Liver is considered as the biochemical laboratory of the human body. It synthesizes and secretes at least four important hormones and has a wide range of functions, including detoxification of various metabolites, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. It is tied to all bodily processes because it is responsible for filtration of all incoming foods and fluids. Some of the most important functions (among 500 functions carried out by it) are:
• Metabolizes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, thus providing energy and nutrients
• Stores vitamins, minerals, and sugars
• Filters the blood and helps remove harmful chemicals and bacteria
• Creates bile which breaks down fats Helps to assimilate and store fat soluble vitamins (A, E, D, K); etc.

Notes:
A fern is any one of a group of about 20,000 species of plants classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta, also known as Filicophyta. Fern ally is a general term covering a somewhat diverse group of vascular plants that are not flowering plants (angiosperms) and not true ferns. Like ferns, these plants reproduce by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations. Both Ferns and fern allies belong to Pteridophytes.

Notes:
Bonsai is the art of aesthetic miniaturization of trees and plants in containers. A bonsai plant is not a dwarf plant but equal to the full sized flowering plant. The main objective of bonsai plants is to create a tree or plant, and even landscapes, in miniature at household level.

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Dysentery is an intestinal infection that causes severe diarrhea with blood. Bacterial dysentery is caused by infection with bacteria from Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella, or enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Diarrhea from Shigella is also known as shigellosis. Shigellosis and amebic dysentery typically result from poor sanitation.

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The spleen is not an endocrine gland. This is because the spleen is not capable of aiding in the regulation of the hormone levels in the human body.

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Some plants have the stem branching out near the base. The stem is hard but not thick. Such plants are called shrubs. Eg: Rose plant. Shrubs have persistent woody stems above the field, unlike herbaceous plants. Shrubs may be evergreen or deciduous. By their numerous stems and shorter height, less than 6 m-10 m long, they are distinguished from trees.

Notes:
Technically, the largest organ in the body is the liver. Liver is also the heaviest organ, with an average of 1.6 kilograms (3.5 pounds). The largest organ ‘of’ the body is the skin (the skin is ‘outside’ the body).