General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

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All verteberates have notochord, body cavity and gills in their embryonic stage or adult stage but not have haemocoel. It’s presence is well marked in the members of phylum in Arthopoda.

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An insectivorous plant, also called a carnivorous plant, captures prey items, such as insects, spiders, crustaceans, mites, and protozoans, as a nitrogen source. Aldrovanda, Dionaea, Drosera, Drosophyllum, etc are some of them under the Droseraceae family.

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DNA profiling (genetic finger printing) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles. DNA profiles are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a person’s DNA makeup, which can also be used as the person’s identifier. Each individual has unique VNTR numbers and pattern except maternal twins.

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Microorganisms or decomposers such as bacteria and fungi help in the process of recycling of nutrients by decomposing various dead organisms such as plants and animals to form humus. Humus is highly nutritious and rich in minerals and microbes vital for healthy plant growth.

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Cell wall is found in plants, bacteria, fungi, algae, and some archaea. Animal cells do not have cell walls, nor do protozoa. It is a structural layer situated outside the cell membrane that provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism.

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Fermentation is the process by which complex organic compounds, such as glucose, are broken down by the action of enzymes into simpler compounds in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic). Yeasts can convert sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide by fermentation. Fermentation is used to produce wine, beer, yogurt and other products.

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Marsupial, any of more than 250 species belonging to the infraclass Metatheria, a mammalian group characterized by premature birth and continued development of the newborn while attached to the nipples on the mother’s lower belly. The pouch—or marsupium, from which the group takes its name—is a flap of skin covering the nipples. Well-known marsupials include kangaroos, wallabies, koalas, possums, etc.

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G. Haberlandt, a German botanist, in 1902 cultured fully differentiated plant cells isolated from different plants. This was the very first step for the beginning of plant cell and tissue culture. Further contributions were made by the Cell Doctrine which admitted that a cell is capable of showing totipotency. In India, the credit for detailed working on tissue culture goes to P. maheshwari.

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Ultrastrong spider silk is one of the toughest natural fibres known in nature. The light, flexible fibre is five times stronger by weight than high-grade steel and extremely stretchy, enlarging to snag incoming insects and other prey.

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Glaucoma is a condition that causes damage to the eye’s optic nerve and gets worse over time. People with glaucoma can lose nerve tissue, resulting in vision loss. In the most common form of glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma, the fluid pressure inside the eye increases and causes progressive damage to the optic nerve and loss of nerve fibres.