General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

Notes:
The yolk sac is a membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. It carries out transfer of nutrients in weeks 2 and 3 when the uteroplacental circulation is established

Notes:
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down in ten steps to two molecules of pyruvate in cytoplasm (in the cellular matrix called cytosol). It then enters the mitochondria where it is oxidised through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to carbon dioxide and water.

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An insectivorous plant, also called a carnivorous plant, captures prey items, such as insects, spiders, crustaceans, mites, and protozoans, as a nitrogen source. Aldrovanda, Dionaea, Drosera, Drosophyllum, etc are some of them under the Droseraceae family.

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Plaster of Paris is a plaster made by calcining gypsum.
CaSO4•1/2?H2?O.
It can be used to impregnate gauze bandages to make a sculpting material called modroc. It is used to make classic plaster orthopedic casts to protect limbs with broken bones.

Notes:
All the three names, indica, tuberosum and leo, represent the specific epithets, while the first words Mangifera, Solanum and Panthera are genera and represents another higher level of taxon or category. Each genus may have one or more than one specific epithets representing different organisms, but having morphological similarities.

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Frogs that spend the coldest times of the year inside of the mud or within rotten heaps of leaves during hibernation receive their necessary oxygen through their skin. This is referred to as cutaneous gas exchange. They use their skin to soak in the oxygen their bodies require. Outside of hibernation period, frogs usually respire using their lungs.

Notes:
The organs which have different basic structure and origin abut are similar in their appearance and functioning, are called analogous organs. An example of analogous organs are the wings of insects, bats and birds that evolved independently in each lineage separately after diverging from an ancestor without wings.

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The sigmoid colon is the last section of the bowel — the part that attaches to the rectum. It’s about a foot and a half long (around 40 centimeters) and is shaped like the letter “s.” The sigmoid colon is a short curving of the colon, just before the rectum. It is part of the large intestine.

Notes:
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease of the lungs. It is typically caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The common cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.

Notes:
Wilhelm Johannsen was a Danish botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist. His most well-known research concerned so-called pure lines of the self-fertile common bean. He was able to show that even in populations homozygous for all traits, i.e. without genetic variation, seed size followed a normal distribution. This was attributable to resource provision to the mother plant and to the position of seeds in pods and of pods on the plant. This led him to coin the terms phenotype and genotype and introduce the term gene. This term was coined in opposition to the then common pangene that stemmed from Darwin’s theory of pangenesis.