General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

Notes:
Nickel allergy is one of the most common causes of contact allergic dermatitis. In affected individuals, dermatitis (also called eczema) develops in places where nickel-containing metal is touching the skin. The most common sites for nickel dermatitis are the earlobes (from earrings), the wrists (from a watch strap) and the lower abdomen (from a jeans stud).

Notes:
In eukaryotic (with nucleus) cells, the vast majority of DNA is found in the nucleus as discrete bodies called chromosomes. The exception to this being the small amount of DNA found in organdies outside the nucleus (mitochondria and chloroplasts). In human cells, more than 99% of the total DNA is nuclear genomic DNA and the remainder mitochondrial.

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The epidermis of the stem and the leaf is usually surrounded by a thin, covering called cuticle. It is formed by a waxy substance called cutin. It is meant for preventing excessive evaporation of water. Cuticle is absent in the root epidermis.

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Haptens are small molecules that react with a specific antibody but cannot induce the formation of antibodies unless bound to a carrier protein or other large antigenic molecule. They are incomplete or partial antigens.

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Genes are a part of the chromosome and are found in pairs in somatic cells. One member of the gene pair segregates into a gamete, thus each gamete only carries one member of the gene pair. Gametes unite at random and irrespective of the other gene pairs involved in pairing during zygotene of meiosis-I.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is considered a pollutant since it is toxic to haemoglobic animals (including humans) when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm. It combines with haemoglobin to produce carboxy-haemoglobin, which usurps the space in haemoglobin that normally carries oxygen, but is ineffective for delivering oxygen to bodily tissues. HGB with 250 times attinity to carbon monoxides as compared to oxygen is toxic. A level of 50% carboxy-haemoglobin may result in seizure, coma, and fatality.

Notes:
Bariatric surgical procedures cause weight loss by restricting the amount of food the stomach can hold, causing malabsorption of nutrients, or by a combination of both gastric restriction and malabsorption. The most common bariatric surgery procedures are gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, adjustable gastric band, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. Gastric bypass and other weight-loss surgeries make changes to digestive system.

Notes:
Swine influenza, also called pig influenza, swine flu, hog flu and pig flu, is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine flu, also known as the H1N1 virus, is a relatively new strain of an influenza virus that causes symptoms similar to the regular flu. It originated in pigs, but is now known to spread primarily from person to person.

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Algae are chlorophyll (green pigment) containing thallophytes. They prepare their own food and are thus autotrophic in their mode of nutrition. Even liverworts among Bryophytes such as Riccia and Marchantia have thaloid structure.

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An insect is an organism having three pairs of jointed legs. Insects are small, land-dwelling arthropods. It has three distinct body sections : the head, thorax and abdomen. It has one pair of antennae (comprising the scapele, pedicel and flagellum), compound eyes and often one or two pairs of wings.