General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

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Pneumonia is a bacterial disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive bacterium. It lives in the noses and throats of healthy people and can enter lungs through inhalation. Other important Gram-positive causes of pneumonia are Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis.

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The cerebellum is known as little brain. It is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. i.e. in maintaining and coordinating body posture at different times of the day/night.

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Bone is a composite of proteins such as collagen and minerals such as calcium. Calcium phosphate is the major component of bones and teeth. Except for small portions of the inner ear, all hard tissues of the human body are formed of calcium phosphate. Collagen gives the bones a soft framework, while calcium makes them hard and strong.

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All the three names, indica, tuberosum and leo, represent the specific epithets, while the first words Mangifera, Solanum and Panthera are genera and represents another higher level of taxon or category. Each genus may have one or more than one specific epithets representing different organisms, but having morphological similarities.

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Haemoglobin is oxygen-carrying pigment and predominant protein in the red blood cells. Haemoglobin is an iron-containing biomolecule. It is made up of four haem groups and globin. The haem groups contain iron atoms that can bind reversibly to oxygen molecules.

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The glomerulus functions as an excretory organ in hemichordates. Soluble wastes are collected from the blood by the glomerulus, lying within the proboscis cavity, and excreted from that cavity through a dorsal pore (an opening on the upper side) to the outside.

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Water is transported through the plant in Xylem vessels, these begin in the roots and end in the leaves of the plant. Water is transported through a combination of “Transpirational pull” and capillary action that produces root pressure.

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The uterus or womb is a major female hormone responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation, usually developing completely in placental mammals such as humans and partially in marsupials such as kangaroos and opossums.

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Insect and bird wings are analogous structures but not homologous structures. They are externally similar in appearance and function (i.e. for flying), but have dissimilar origin and developmental plan.

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Bioremediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. It uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non-toxic substances. There are two classes of bioremediation used : In situ and Ex situ.