General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

Notes:
Anaemia is a condition that develops when blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin. The three main types of Anaemia are due to blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell breakdown. Causes of decreased production include iron deficiency, a lack of vitamin B12, thalassemia, and a number of neoplasms of the bone marrow.

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An organism having more than two sets of homologous chromosomes is known as polyploid and the phenomenon of having them is called polyploidy. Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase-I in meiosis.

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Phototropism is the growth of organisms in response to light. In plants, phototropism is a response to blue wavelengths of light and is caused by a redistribution of auxin from the illuminated side to the darker side of the shoot, resulting in quicker growth on the darker side and bending of the shoot toward the source of light.

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Carbon monoxide inhibits the blood’s ability to carry oxygen to body tissues including vital organs such as the heart and brain. When CO is inhaled, it combines with the oxygen carrying haemoglobin of the blood to form carboxy-haemoglobin (COHb). Once combined with the Haemoglobin, that haemoglobin is no longer available for transporting oxygen.

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Robert Harding Whittaker was a distinguished American plant ecologist who was the first to pro pose the five-kingdom taxonomic classification of the world’s biota into the Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera in 1969. He also proposed the Whittaker Biome Classification, which categorized biome-types upon two abiotic factors: temperature and precipitation.

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Root hairs are tubular-shaped tip-growing cells that arise from epidermal cells known as trichoblasts, behind the tips of young roots. Like all tip-growing cells, root hairs grow by the addition of cell wall precursors to the tip delivered by vesicles from the endomembrane system.

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DNA profiling (genetic finger printing) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles. DNA profiles are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a person’s DNA makeup, which can also be used as the person’s identifier. Each individual has unique VNTR numbers and pattern except maternal twins.

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A vein is an elastic blood vessel that transports blood from various regions of the body to the heart. Veins are components of the cardiovascular system, which circulates blood to provide nutrients to the cells of the body. Veins can be categorized into four main types: pulmonary, systemic, superficial, and deep veins.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease of the lungs. It is typically caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The common cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.

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Yeast is an important source of most B vitamins (except B12) and folate and contains potassium and magnesium. It is used in the preparation of vitamin B complex tablets. Therefore, seeds have been classified as endospermic with endosperm and nonendospermis without endosperm.