General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

Notes:
Trypsin is an enzyme that helps us digest protein. In the small intestine, trypsin breaks down proteins, continuing the process of digestion that began in the stomach. It may also be referred to as a proteolytic enzyme, or proteinase. Trypsin is produced by the pancreas in an inactive form called trypsinogen. The trypsinogen enters the small intestine through the common bile duct and is converted to active trypsin.

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Vermicomposting is the process of using worms also called red worms and micro-organisms to turn kitchen waste into black, earthy-smelling, nutrient-rich humus. Vermicompost is an excellent, nutrient-rich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner.

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Cabbages have no need to store food as they are seasonal plants and die after about 4 to 6 months. They do however produce food in the leaves of the plants and would utilize short-term storage (in the leaves) for simple metabolic processes.

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The pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. A small amount of blood is also drained from the lungs by the bronchial veins. There are typically four pulmonary veins, two draining each lung. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation.

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Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. It neutralizes the acid in food to provide the alkaline conditions needed in the small intestine. Besides, it breaks down large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzymes can easily act on them. This process is known as emulsification of fats. It does not convert proteins into amino acids.

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Oviparous is a zoological term that refers to animals that lay eggs which then hatch externally. Oviparous animals may fertilize their eggs either externally or internally. Frogs are oviparous since they lay eggs, which then develop outside of the mother. Ovoviviparous animals are relatively uncommon, sharks are most well-known.

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Outer Ear or Pinna is found only in terrestrial mammals. It is composed of a thin plate of yellow elastic cartilage, covered with integument, and connected to the surrounding parts by ligaments and muscles.

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Plants, on average, capture only about 0.1 0.4 percent of the solar energy reaching Earth. However, it does not mean that the rest is a “vast untapped reservoir” awaiting man’s exploitation. All biological systems, including crops, follow the second law of thermodynamics when solar energy (a high-energy form) is converted into chemical energy. Plants utilize this chemical energy in the process of building their own tissue.

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A seed can germinate in the absence of adequate light. It’s only photoblastic seeds which need light exposure for germination such lettuce, maize, etc. Small seeds generally germinate better in light than in darkness, while large seeds do not exhibit a difference in germination between these two conditions (Milberg et al. 2000. 2000. Large seeded species are less dependent on light for germination than small-seeded ones.

Notes:
The chromosomes which determine the sex (maleness or femaleness) of an individual in sexually producing organisms are called sex chromosomes or allosomes. In humans an individual whose cells contain XX chromosomes (homo or isogametic) becomes a female, while one whose cells contains XY chromosomes (heterogametic) becomes a male.