General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

Notes:
A carnivore is an organism that mostly eats meat, or the flesh of animals. Carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondary consumers, and large carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiary consumers. Animals and people who eat both animals and plants are called omnivores. Sometimes carnivores are also called predators.

Notes:
Protein electrophoresis and Western blotting are both methods used to identify specific proteins in a sample or solution. Western blotting, also known as immunoblotting or protein blotting, is a core technique in cell and molecular biology. It is used to detect the presence of a specific protein in a complex mixture extracted from cells.

Notes:
The pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. A small amount of blood is also drained from the lungs by the bronchial veins. There are typically four pulmonary veins, two draining each lung. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation.

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The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal. The body naturally tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 4 mM (4 m mol/L or 72 mg/dL, i.e. milligrams/decilitre); however, this level fluctuates throughout the day.

Notes:
The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain, making up about two-thirds of the brain’s mass. It has two hemispheres, each of which has four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. It is involved in several functions of the body including: determining intelligence; determining personality; thinking, perceiving, interpretation of sensory functions, etc.

Notes:
• Budding reproduction occur in Hydra. Budding is an asexual mode of producing new organisms. Both hydra and yeast reproduce by the process of Budding.
• Fragmentation: Cyanobacteria, fungi, flatworms, sponges, some annelid worms and sea stars.
• Binary Fission: Amoeba, E. coli, Archaea, euglena etc.
• Spore formation: Fungi, bacteria, Algae etc.

Notes:
Unicellular organism is an organism which only has one cell while a multicellular organism is an organism that made up of more than one cell. Organisms such as amoeba, plasmodium, paramecium are unicellular organisms. Hydra (animal) and spirogyra (plant) are examples of multicellular organism.

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Pepper plant is a vine. It is a climber and hence it needs support of some other plant (called standard) to climb. Pepper plants have long, vigorous vines and can reach twelve to fifteen feet high.

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The normal range of concentration of fasting blood sugar is 80 to 120 mg/ml; in the testing of true blood sugar, the normal range of concentration is 70 to 100 mg/ml. So, normal glucose levels fall between 70 and 150 mg. Higher levels may indicate diseases such as diabetes mellitus.

Notes:
Taxonomy is the academic discipline of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups. Each group (taxon) is given a rank and groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super group of higher rank and thus create a hierarchical classification. Carlous Linneaus is considered as father of taxonomy.