World & Physical Geography MCQs

Notes:
Europa, or Jupiter II is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter. It is the sixth-closest to the planet of all the 79 known moons of Jupiter. It is the sixth-largest moon in the Solar System and is smaller than earth’s moon.

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Some Important Local Winds: 
1- Chinook- Hot, dry wind in Rockies, also called `snow eater`.
2- Foehn- Hot, dry wind in the Alps
3- Khamsin- Hot, dry wind in Egypt.
4- Sirocco- Hot, moist wind from Sahara to Mediterranean Sea
5- Solano- Hot, moist wind from Sahara towards Iberian Peninsula
6- Harmattan- Hot, dry wind blowing outwards from the interior of W.Africa, also called Guinea Doctor.
7- Bora- Cold, dry wind blowing outwards from Hungary to the north of Italy (near Adriatic Sea).
8- Mistral- Very cold wind, which blows from the Alps over France
9- Punas- Cold, dry wind blowing down towards the western side of Andes.
10- Blizzard- Very cold winds in Tundra region
11- Purga- Cold wind in Russian tundra
12- Levanter- Cold wind in Spain
13- Norwester- Hot wind in New Zealand
14- Santa Ana- Hot wind in S. California in USA.
Kikuyu,  is most populous ethnic group or tribe of Kenya

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Tropical desert regions, such as the Sahara Desert, experience significant day-night temperature differences. During the day, temperatures in these areas can become extremely hot, often exceeding 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius), while nighttime temperatures can drop significantly, sometimes plummeting to near-freezing levels, particularly in desert areas with low humidity. This makes the day-night temperature difference in tropical deserts quite substantial.

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When an igneous rock has cooled quite slowly at depth inside the earth, it is known as intrusive rock. As the molten material solidifies below the surface, it cools very slowly and forms rocks with large crystals. Granite is an example of it.

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Bashi Channel is a waterway between Y'Ami Island of the Philippines and Orchid Island of Taiwan. It is an important passage for military operation. It has been continuously making news due to dispute between Taiwan and the Philippines over the ownership of the waters in the region. Also, the continuous military exercise of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army-Air Force (PLAAF) over the channel, which is the waterway connecting the South China Sea with the western Pacific Ocean, between Taiwan and the Philippines, has kept it in limelight.

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The Deltaic plain is the extension of the Khadar land. It covers large area in the lower reaches of the Ganga River. In the delta region, the upland is called Chars, while the marshy area is known as Bils.

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In geography, a mesa is a flat-topped mountain with steep sides, while a butte is a flat-topped hill with steep sides. The choice between mesa and butte depends on the shape and size of the landform.
A mesa is an isolated, broad, flat-topped mountain with at least one steep side. Mesas are smaller in area than a plateau. Mesas are abundant in the southwestern states of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona.
A butte is a small isolated flat-topped hill with steep sides. Buttes are smaller in area than a mesa. Buttes are typically isolated landmarks that appear steep-sided and flat-topped, though often only from certain angles. Buttes were created through the process of erosion, the gradual wearing away of earth by water, wind, and ice.
The word butte comes from the French word butte, meaning knoll. The word mesa comes from the Spanish word for “table”.

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Presently, 10 percent of land area on Earth is covered with glacial ice, including glaciers, ice caps, and the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. Glacierized areas cover over 15 million square kilometers (5.8 million square miles). Glaciers store about 75 percent of the world’s fresh water.

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At ‘M4’ position of the diagram the height of the tide is at maximum, because in this position earth, moon and sun lies in a straight line.

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West European type of climate (Cb) also known as marine west coast climate is located between 40° and 65° latitudes in both the hemispheres along the western coasts of the continents. This climatic region is sur¬rounded by Mediterranean climate in the south, conti¬nental dry climate in the east and semi-arctic climate in the north. The inland extension of this climate is controlled by topographic features.
The temperatures, in the west European climate are affected by marine influences, warm ocean cur¬rents and prevailing winds and air masses. In fact, the moderating effects of sea bring down the difference between summer and winter seasons considerably. This climate is characterized by cool summer and mild winters. Average temperature during summer season ranges between 15°C and 21°C.