World & Physical Geography MCQs

Notes:
Indonesia’s sovereign territory now includes “Netherlands New Guinea”. Netherlands New Guinea refers to the Papua region of Indonesia while it was a part of the Dutch East Indies until 1949, later an overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1949 to 1962. It was commonly known as Dutch New Guinea. It contained what are now Indonesia’s two easternmost provinces, Papua and West Papua, which were administered as a single province prior to 2003.

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The Indian Ocean and the Java Sea are the two water bodies that are connected by the “Lombok Strait”. The Lombok Strait is a strait connecting the Java Sea to the Indian Ocean and is located between the islands of Bali and Lombok in Indonesia. The Gili Islands are on the Lombok side.

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The largest lake in Kenya is Lake Turkana. It covers an area about 6405 sq. km. It is the world’s largest desert lake.

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Sea of Japan lies in the east of the Korean peninsula, it separates Korea from Japan. Yellow sea lies in the west and South China sea in South-West.

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Stars twinkle because they are point light sources. Passing through the atmosphere, the small beam of light constantly shifts by bouncing off particles in the air. The much closer planets appear instead as tiny disks in the sky. Their apparent sizes are usually larger than the pockets of air that would distort their light, so the effects of scintillation are negligible. Being closer, planets appear as discs, with the shifting of light from one side cancelling out the other.

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As the Earth moves around its orbit, it reaches two points during the year where the tilt of its axis causes it to be straight relative to the Sun. These days are known as equinoxes. During these equinoxes the rays of the Sun shine directly on the equator. This happens on approximately 21st March and 23rd September. At two points throughout the year, the tilt of the Earth’s axis reaches its maximum angle compared to the Sun. This usually happens around June 21st and December 21st. These days are known as solstices when the rays of the Sun shine directly on one of the two Tropics. In other words, on the day of summer solstice, the sun shines directly above the Tropic of Cancer and on winter solstice, it is directly above the Tropic of Capricorn.

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Above Troposphere, temperature increases rapidly with height in the Stratosphere layer as it houses the ozone layer which absorbs ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. Again, temperature increases rapidly with height in Thermosphere which comprises Ionosphere (lower part) and Exosphere (upper part)). Temperature in Exosphere which is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere reaches up to more than 4500 o Celsius.

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ITCZ stands for Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. It is a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together. It is characterized by convective activity which generates often vigorous thunderstorms over large areas.

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Plantation agriculture is a form of commercial farming where crops are grown for profit. Usually, only one type of crop is grown in a plantation. Common examples include rubber, coffee, tea, bananas, sugar cane, oil palm, cocoa and tobacco.

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Barren Island is an island located in the Andaman Sea, dominated by Barren Volcano, the only confirmed active volcano in South Asia, and the only active volcano along a chain of volcanoes from Sumatra to Myanmar. Along with the rest of the Andaman Islands, it is a part of the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.