World & Physical Geography MCQs

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The Petralona cave, also Cave of the Red Stones, a karst formation, is located at 300 m above sea-level on the western foot of Mount Katsika, about 1 km east of the village of Petralona, about 35 km south-east of Thessaloniki city on the Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece. The site came to public attention when in 1960 a fossilized archaic human skull was found. The cave had been discovered accidentally only a year earlier (1959) after erosion had left clefts in the rock.

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Iraq houses the autonomous region “Kurdistan Region”. The Kurdistan Region is an autonomous region in northern Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Dohuk, Erbil, Halabja and Sulaymaniyah and bordering Iran, Syria and Turkey. The Kurdistan Region encompasses most of Iraqi Kurdistan but excludes the disputed territories of Northern Iraq, contested between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the central Iraqi government in Baghdad since Kurdish autonomy was realized in 1992 in the aftermath of the Gulf War.

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The Potatso National Park is in China. The National parks of Japan are Noto National park, Hanto National park and Kita Nagato Kaigan.

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The Western Tien Shan is situated in the Jalal-Abad province of Kyrgyzstan. It was designated as world heritage site in 2015.

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In the Sahara Desert, there are also gravel plains and elevated plateaus with bare rocky surface. These rocky surfaces may be more than 2500 m. high at some places.

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The order of the planets in the solar system, starting nearest the sun and working outward is the following: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. The inner four planets closest to the sun — Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars — are often called the “terrestrial planets”. The four large outer worlds — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune — are sometimes called the Jovian or “Jupiter-like” planets.

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Magnetosphere is the region above the Earth’s surface in which charged particles are affected by the Earth’s magnetic field. The exosphere is now considered as part of the magnetosphere. The outer boundary of the magnetosphere or the final boundary between the Earth and outer space is known its magnetopause.

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Temperate grasslands are known as Prairies in North America, Pampas in South America, Veld in Southern Africa and Steppe in Asia. Temperate grasslands are located north of the Tropic of Cancer (23.50 North) and south of the Tropic of Capricorn (23.50 South).

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The driest location on Earth lies in the Atacama Desert, Chile. The location is called Maria Elena South (MES). The site has a mean atmospheric relative humidity (RH) of 17.3 per cent and a soil RH of a constant 14 percent at a depth of one meter.

Notes:
Permafrost is ground that remains at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years, covering 15% of Earth’s land area (over 23 million sq.km). It is primarily found in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Russia, Canada, and Greenland, and also occurs in mountainous regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Permafrost can form on land and beneath oceans, sometimes extending deep below the surface. It can create landforms such as ‘palsas’ (peat mounds with frozen cores) and ‘pingos’ (ice-cored hills).