World & Physical Geography MCQs

Notes:
The Franja Transversal del Norte, also known as then Northern Transversal Strip, is a region in Guatemala delimited on the north by an imaginary line between Vertice de Santiago in Huehuetenango and Modesto Mendez Port in Izabal and in the south by La Mesilla in Huehuetenango and Izabal lake. During the Guatemalan Civil War, most of the massacres took place there due to the oil, mineral and precious wood reserves in the region. In the 21st century, there are projects to work in the region and a modern highway was built in 2010.

Notes:
Haiti and the Dominican Republic are the two countries that share the location of the “Septentrional-Oriente fault zone”. The Septentrional-Orient fault zone (SOFZ) is a system of active coaxial left lateral-moving strike-slip faults that runs along the northern side of the island of Hispaniola where Haiti and the Dominican Republic are located and continues along the south of Cuba along the northern margin of the Cayman Trough.

Notes:
Indonesia’s sovereign territory now includes “Netherlands New Guinea”. Netherlands New Guinea refers to the Papua region of Indonesia while it was a part of the Dutch East Indies until 1949, later an overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1949 to 1962. It was commonly known as Dutch New Guinea. It contained what are now Indonesia’s two easternmost provinces, Papua and West Papua, which were administered as a single province prior to 2003.

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The Principality of Liechtenstein is located in the European continent. The Principality of Liechtenstein is a small country in size which is nestled between Switzerland and Austria.

Notes:

• Taurus–Littrowis a lunar valley located on the near side. It served as the landing site for the American Apollo 17 mission in December 1972, the last crewed mission to the Moon.
• Shortyis a feature on Earth’s Moon, an impact crater in the Taurus Littrow valley. Astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt visited it in 1972, on the Apollo 17 mission. It is the location of the famous “orange soil,” which geologists believe to be small bits of rapidly-cooled molten rock ejected in a fire fountain.
• Mare Serenitatisis a lunar mare located to the east of Mare Imbrium on the Moon. Mare is a large, level basalt plain on the surface of the moon, appearing dark by contrast with highland areas.
• Mare Vaporum is a lunar mare located between the southwest rim of Mare Serenitatis and the southeast rim of Mare Imbrium.

Notes:
An eclipse occurs when a star (such as Sun) aligns with two celestial bodies, such as a planet and a moon. The closer body casts a shadow that intersects the more distant body. This means that “things get dark.” The region of shadow is divided into an umbra, where the light from the star is completely blocked, and a penumbra, where only a portion of the light is blocked. Beyond the end of the umbra is a region called the antumbra. For an observer inside the antumbra of a solar eclipse, for example, the moon appears smaller than the sun, resulting in an annular eclipse.

Notes:
At the equator, 1o of latitude or longitude represents approximately 111 km (approximately 70 miles). A degree of longitude is widest at the equator at 69.172 miles (111.321 km) and gradually shrinks to zero at the poles. At 40° north or south the distance between a degree of longitude is 53 miles (85 km).

Notes:
Frontal rainfall is a type of precipitation which occurs when a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet. Extra-tropical cyclones form as waves along weather fronts before occluding later in their life cycle as cold core cyclones. Cyclogenesis is the development or strengthening of cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere (a low pressure area).

Notes:
Extending from the top of the thermosphere to 10,000 km above the earth is the exosphere which is farthest from the Earth. This layer has very few atmospheric molecules, which can escape into space.

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The Philippines, an archipelago in Southeast Asia, consists of 7,641 islands, divided into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. This vast number of islands features diverse ecosystems, including mountains, rainforests, and extensive coastlines, marking it as a biodiversity hotspot.