World & Physical Geography MCQs

Notes:
The Sub Tropical High Pressure Belt extend near the tropics to about 35 degree North and South Latitudes. The high pressure along this belt is due to subsidence of air coming from the equatorial region which descends after becoming heavy. In early days, the sailing vessels with cargo of horses found it difficult to sail under calm conditions of this high pressure belt.They used to throw horses into the sea when fodder ran out. Hence the name horse latitudes.

Notes:
Cote d’Ivoire and Guinea of West Africa share the location of Mount Richard-Molard. This mountain is also known as Mount Nimba, located in Nimba Mountain Range. It is a part of the Guinea Highlands, which also shares its location with Liberia. This mountain is rich in iron ore and cobalt. It lies within Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve.

Notes:
Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in air. The capacity of air to absorb water vapour increases with increase in temperature. Absolute Humidity is the weight of actual amount of water vapour present in unit volume of air.

Notes:
A cold air mass is one which is colder than the underlying surface and is associated with instability and atmospheric turbulence. 
Cold source regions or polar air masses include:
Arctic Ocean
Siberia
Northern Canada
Southern Ocean 
Sahara Desert is associated with warm air mass.

Notes:
The Koeppen climate classification system recognizes five major climatic types and each type is designated by a capital letter- A, B, C, D, E, and H.
The capital letters S and W are employed to designate the two subdivisions of dry climate:
S – Semi arid or Steppe
W – arid or desert
Capital letters T and F are used to designate the two subdivisions of polar climate:
tundra – T
icecap – F

Notes:
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean in the world. It covers approximately 20 percent of Earth’s surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the “Old World” from the “New World”. The Atlantic Ocean is a busiest ocean in terms of trade and commerce.

Notes:
Continental shells and slopes are majorly covered with terrigenous deposits while the deep sea floor is dominated by pelagic deposits. Terrigenous deposits, made up of coarser materials, are sourced from continents via weathering and erosion, subsequently being transported to the oceans by varying methods. Conversely, pelagic deposits — consisting mainly of fine-grained sediments — amass more in deep-sea regions due to the distance from land.

Notes:
Warm currents flow from equatorial regions towards the polar regions and hence have a higher surface temperature.
These currents flow in the clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere and in the anti-clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere.

Notes:
C – Horizon is also known as the parent rock, it comprises of the parent rock material which eroded from the layers below and got accumulated in this horizon. It is in the form of large rocks which are sometimes unbroken. It also acts as a zone of accumulation of soluble inorganic compounds which percolate down to this horizon.

Notes:
Temperate grasslands are characterized as having grasses as the dominant vegetation. Trees and large shrubs are absent.
Prairie – America
Pampas – Argentina
Pustaz – Hungary
Steppe – Russia
Veld – South Africa
Downs – Australia
Canterbury – NZ