Modern Indian History MCQs

Notes:
Jyotiba Phule authored Gulamgiri  (translated to Slavery in English) in 1873. His work was a potent critique of the social inequalities prevalent in Indian society. Importantly, Phule dedicated the works to those Americans who had fought to end slavery, thus drawing parallels between the conditions of the “lower” castes in India and the enslaved African-American population in the USA.

Notes:
“Jana Gana Mana ” is the national anthem of India. Written in highly Sanskritised (Tatsama) Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911. “Jana Gana Mana” was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950. 27 December 2011 marked the completion of 100 years of Jana Gana Mana since it was sung for the first time.The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali.

Notes:
The old system of justice was very simple as zamindar decided all petty cases. This was open to abuse and gave enough scope for the rich to oppress the poor. Hastings set upon himself to reform the judicial system. He established two courts in each districts, the Diwani Adalat to decide civil cases and the Faujdari Adalat to try criminal cases. In the Diwani Adalat, the Collector was to preside assisted by this ‘native dewan’. The Faujdari Adalat was to be presided over by the Qazi or Mufti of the district and two maulavis subject to the supervision of the Collector. In addition to these, two superior courts were established at Calcutta – Sadar Diwani Adalat, as a Court of Appeal in civil cases and Sadar Nizamat Adalat to hear criminal appeals.

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“Mahatma Gandhi and His Myths: Civil Disobedience, Nonviolence, and Satyagraha in the Real World” was written by Mark Shepard. The book discussed about the exact implicit meaning nonviolent action of Gandhiji.

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Mahatma Gandhi was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize five times between 1937 and 1948 but never received the prize, being assassinated on 30 January 1948 two days before the closing date for the 1948 Peace Prize nominations.

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He is known for beginning of Indian Civil Service and Europeanization of Higher postings

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Permanent Settlement of Bengal was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793. It was an agreement between the East India Company and the landlords to fix revenues. It was first started in Bengal, Bihar and Odisha. The Zamindars used to collect the revenue on behalf of the East India Company.

Notes:
Sir Coutney Pergine Ilbert, the law member of Viceroy’s council prepared a bill in 1883 during the viceroy ship of Lord Ripon which is popularly known as Ilbert Bill. It suggested to allow the senior Indian magistrates to preside over cases involving British personnel in India. The British tea and indigo plantations owners in Bengal tremendously opposed the bill.

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The Sati was mainly praticed by the Hindus. An widow was forced sacrifice her life by sitting on the funeral pyre of her deceased husband. In the year 1829, Lord Bebtinct introduced the Regulation XVII and made the practice of sati illegal. Raja Ram mohan Roy, the Maker of Modern India also put his enormous effort to ban this practice.

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In the 19th century, the bulk investment to the infrastructure sector was done by the British. The invested in Railway, Cotton Mills, Jute mill industries, steel industries as well as in the ship and navigation industries. In the year 1916, Industry commission was appointed under Thomas Holand.