Modern Indian History MCQs

Notes:
The Indian Police remains thoroughly a stagnant organization that is governed by the century old Police Act of 1861 which is an Act for the Regulation of Police and the statutes of the post mutiny era.

Notes:
Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India. The title of Viceroy was created in 1858 after the mutiny of 1857. Before 1858, East India Company was ruling large parts of India and the head of administration of the East India Company was called Governor General. This office was created in 1773. The title Governor General had administrative control over the British Provinces of India (Punjab, Bengal, Bombay, Madras, United Provinces etc.). After the mutiny of 1857, the British Government took control of the administration from East India Company. To reflect the Governor General’s role as representative from the monarch, the term Viceroy of India was applied to him. The title remained in existence from 1858 till 1947. Lord Caning was Governor General of India from 1856 to 1858 and Viceroy of India from 1858 to 1862.

Notes:
The Cabinet Mission that came to India on 24 March, 1946 was led by Sir Pethick Lawrence, Secretary of State for India. It also consisted of Sir Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade and Alexander, the First Lord of the Admiralty. It was formulated at the initiative of Clement Attlee, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

Notes:
The Anarchical and Revo-lutionary Crimes Act of 1919, popularly known as the Rowlatt Act, was a legislative act passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on 10 March, 1919. This act armed the British Govern-ment with arbitrary powers and be use a reason of repression. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal on 6 April. Throughout the country, 6 April, 1919 was observed as a National Humiliation Day.

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It was Mahatma Gandhi who thought Cripps’s proposals as inadequate and treated them as post-dated cheque.

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Tinkathia was the system under which the native peasants of Champaran(Bihar) were forced by the European planters to cultivate indigo on 3/20th of their land. It was the cause of the misery of the native farmers. Taking up the peasant causes, Gandhi started the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917.

Notes:
Satyagraha is a particular philosophy and practice within the broader overall category generally known as nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. The term “satyagraha” was coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi who deployed it in the Indian independence movement and also during his earlier struggles in South Africa for Indian rights.

Notes:
As the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of free India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Pateltook charge of the task to forge a united India by integrating into the newly independent nation 562 princely states.He is, in this regard, compared to Otto von Bismarck of Germany, who did the same thing in 1860s.

Notes:
Young India was a weekly paper or journal in English published by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from 1919 to 1932. He used Young India to spread his unique ideology and thoughts regarding the use of nonviolence in organizing movements and to urge readers to consider, organise, and plan for India’s eventual independence from Britain.

Notes:
Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader. He was also known as “Unofficial Ambassador of India”. Naoroji was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress. His book ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’ brought attention to the draining of India’s wealth into Britain. He founded a Gujarati fortnightly publication, the Rast Goftar.