Notes:
House sparrow is the state Bird of Bihar. The scientific name of House sparrow is Passer domesticus. The House Sparrow is a small bird that is typically around 16 cm long. Females and young birds are coloured pale brown and grey and males have brighter black, white, and brown markings. House sparrow can be seen in many regions such as Europe, a large part of Asia, Australia, Africa, and America. The House Sparrow is a small bird that is typically around 16 cm long.

Notes:
Magadha was a region in the present day Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal and the nations of Bangladesh and Nepal and formed one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas. The ancient kingdom of Magadha is frequently mentioned in Jain and Buddhist texts. Magadha kingdom helped in the development of Jainism and Buddhism. Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, lived much of his life in Magadha kingdom. The culture of Magadha was   different from the Vedic kingdoms of the Indo-Aryans. The people in the Magadha empire used to follow Sramana traditions which included Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika. They did not believe in worshipping the Vedic deities. They practiced some form of asceticism, meditation and tended to construct round burial mounds which are called stupas in Buddhism.

Notes:
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was the leader of Kisan Sabha Movement in Bihar. He was sustained by his followers Pandit Yamuna Karjee, Rahul Sankrityayanand and others. The peasant movement was prevalent in north and central Bihar as a byproduct of the independence movement.

Notes:
The cropping intensity of Bihar is 138%. Around 60% of the total geographical area in Bihar is under cultivation. Cropping intensity refers to raising of a number of crops from the same field during one agricultural year.

Notes:
Maner Sharif Monument  is an example of Mughal architecture. The domed building features walls adorned with intricate designs and a ceiling full of inscriptions from the Quran. Maner Sharif in Bihar is considered as one of the best monument built during the Mughal era in Eastern India.

Notes:
Nanakpanthi Sikh sect has the highest population in Patna. Many Sikhs came to Patna after the partition of India in 1947. Most of the Bihari Sikhs are Nanakpanthi. Most of the Sikhs reside in Patna and are mainly self-employed or in business.  A Nanakpanthi is a follower of the teachings of Guru Nanak, the first guru of Sikhism.

Notes:
Patan Devi Temple is the oldest and one of the most sacred temples of Patna. It is regarded as one of the 51 Siddha Shakti Pithas in India. It is also called as Maa Patneshwari Temple.

Notes:
Muni Suvrata or Munisuvratanatha was the twentieth Tirthankara of the present half time cycle in Jain cosmology. He became a siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of his karma. Rajgir is supposed to be to be birthplace of Muni Suvrata.

Notes:
Nava Nalanda Mahavihar was established in 1951. It is an institute deemed to be university located in Nalanda, Bihar. It was built to revive the ancient seat of learning in Nalanda. Nava Nalanda Mahavihar was founded to develop as a centre of higher studies in Pali and Buddhism. Nava Nalanda Mahavihar renowned for Pali Research Institute.

Notes:
Nalanda Mahavihar Archaeological site was included in the list of UNESCO’s world heritage in the cultural category in 2016. It is located in Bihar. It comprises the archaeological remains of a monastic and scholastic institution dating from the 3rd century BC to the 13th century CE. It includes stupas, shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings) and important art works in stucco, stone and metal. Nalanda University was one of the most ancient university of the Indian Subcontinent.