World & Physical Geography MCQs

Notes:
Extrusive igneous rocks are formed by cooling of lava on the earth’s surface.  Extrusive igneous rocks are also called volcanic rocks.
Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when magma solidifies below the earth’s surface.
Deep seated intrusive rocks are termed as plutonic rocks.
Shallow depth intrusive rocks are termed as hypabyssal.

Notes:
The orbital speed of the Earth around the Sun averages about 30 km/s (108,000 km/h), which is fast enough to cover the planet’s diameter (about 12,700 km) in seven minutes, and the distance to the Moon of 384,000 km in four hours

Notes:
Horst and graben refer to regions that lie between normal faults and are either higher or lower than the area beyond the faults. While a horst represents a block pushed upward relative to the blocks on either side by the faulting, and a graben is a block generally long compared to its width that has been lowered relative to the blocks on either side due to the faulting. 

Notes:
An electrojet is a streaming movement of charged particles in the lower ionosphere. Ionosphere is a region of Earth's upper atmosphere, extending from about 60 km to 1,000 km altitude. Electrojets are mainly found at altitudes between 100 to 150 km.

Notes:
The equator is a line which is not real drawn around a sphere or planet, such as the Earth. It is one of the lines known as a line of latitude, or circle of latitude. The name “equator” is Latin for “even-maker”; at equator the day and night are exactly the same length around the year. The equator passes through 13 countries: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Sao Tome & Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia and Kiribati.

Notes:
Victoria Falls is a waterfall in southern Africa on the Zambezi River at the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Notes:
The Gulf of Mexico is the largest gulf in the world. It’s an extension of the Atlantic Ocean and is bracketed by Mexico to the west, south, and the South-Eastern United States to the north. As a basin, it spans an area of about 615,000 square miles (1.6 million square kilometers). It has rich biodiversity and is important for shipping and oil exploration.

Notes:
The Deep water Horizon oil spill, considered to be the largest marine oil spill in the world took place in the Gulf of Mexico. It is also known as the BP oil spill, that began on April 20, 2010.

Notes:
The Isthmus of Tehuantepec is located in Mexico. It is the shortest distance between the water bodies of the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. The shipping route here is known as the Tehuantepec Route.

Notes:
Hispar Glacier is located in Pakistan. It is 49 km long and lies in the Karakoram Mountain range of Gilgit-Baltistan. It meets with the Biafo Glacier and forms the longest Glacial system in non polar regions.