Biology MCQs

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Obesity is not a Degenerative disease. Degenerative diseases are those diseases, which occur due to aging and result in malfunction or deficiency.

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Polygalacturonase in tomato is expressed only during the ripening phase of fruit development. PG becomes abundant during ripening and plays a major role in cell wall degradation and fruit softening.

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Mitochondria is an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It is for this reason that mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell mitochondria also play a key role in the ageing process as well as in the onset of degenerative disease.

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The process of breaking down large molecules into simpler one in the presence of enzyme is called fermentation. Alcoholic fermentation is a complex biochemical process during which yeasts convert sugars to ethanol, carbon dioxide, and other metabolic byproducts that contribute to the chemical composition and sensorial properties of the fermented foodstuffs.

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Plants and photosynthetic organisms utilize this solar energy in fixing large amounts of CO2 while amounts consumed by human beings are relatively small representing only 10% of the energy converted during photosynthesis. The process of photosynthesis in plants involves a series of steps and reactions that use solar energy, water, and carbon dioxide to produce organic compounds and oxygen.

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Evolutionary biologists now classify wisdom teeth as vestigial organs, or body parts that have become functionless due to evolution. They believe wisdom teeth, or the third set of molars, were the evolutionary answer to our ancestor’s early diet of rough food – like leaves, roots, nuts and meats – which required more chewing power and resulted in excessive wear of the teeth. The modern diet with its softer foods has made the need for wisdom teeth nonexistent.

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Algae are classified into three main classes – Chlorophyceae (Green algae), Phaeophyceae (Brown algae), and Rhodophyceae (Red algae). These divisions are based on major photosynthetic pigments present, form of stored food, cell wall composition and number of flagella and position of insertion.

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Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in endotherms. Hibernation refers to a season of heterothermy that is characterized by low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate. Often associated with cold temperatures, the purpose of hibernation is to conserve energy during a period when sufficient food is scarce and outside temperature is low.

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Potassium Deficiency (Hypokalemia) is characterized by a blood potassium level below 3.5 mmol per liter. Instead, it occurs when your body suddenly loses a lot of fluid. Common causes include chronic vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating and blood loss.

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Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone and to prevent hypocalcemic tetany. It is also needed for bone growth and bone remodeling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Without sufficient vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle, or misshapen. Vitamin D sufficiency prevents rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.