Biology MCQs

Notes:
The ear has three main parts: the outer, middle and inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the auditory canal. The middle ear is filled with air and contains three tiny bones called ossicles – the anvil, hammer and stirrup. The inner ear contains the semicircular canals and the cochlea. Eardrum is the membrane of middle ear. Snakes have fully developed inner ear structures but no eardrum.

Notes:
The inner layer of the stomach is full of wrinkles known as rugae (or gastric folds). Rugae both allow the stomach to stretch in order to accommodate large meals and help to grip and move food during digestion.

Notes:
A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments; both are made of collagen. Ligaments join one bone to another bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone.

Notes:
Plants and photosynthetic organisms utilize this solar energy in fixing large amounts of CO2 while amounts consumed by human beings are relatively small representing only 10% of the energy converted during photosynthesis. The process of photosynthesis in plants involves a series of steps and reactions that use solar energy, water, and carbon dioxide to produce organic compounds and oxygen.

Notes:
Animals adapted to life in air are called volant. Arboreal means living in or connected with trees. These animals such as monkeys, squirrel can live both on land and in trees. However, for protection purposes, they prefer to live in trees than on land.

Notes:
• Budding reproduction occur in Hydra. Budding is an asexual mode of producing new organisms. Both hydra and yeast reproduce by the process of Budding.
• Fragmentation: Cyanobacteria, fungi, flatworms, sponges, some annelid worms and sea stars.
• Binary Fission: Amoeba, E. coli, Archaea, euglena etc.
• Spore formation: Fungi, bacteria, Algae etc.

Notes:
Cephaleuros is a genus of parasitic thalloid algae comprising approximately 14 species. Its common name is red rust. The alga is parasitic on tea, coffee, mango and guava causing damage limited to the area of algal growth on leaves.

Notes:
The cerebellum, also known as little brain, is a region of the brain that plays an important role in balance and motor control. It is also involved in some cognitive functions such as attention, language, emotional functions (such as regulating fear and pleasure responses) and in the processing of procedural memories.

Notes:
Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of carbohydrates (sugar). The main product of photosynthesis is glucose, which is the molecule that produces energy to run the processes of the cell. Oxygen is mainly a byproduct of the process of photosynthesis.
6H2O (water) + 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) = C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen)

Notes:
Time required for the organism to eliminate 50 per cent of the total body burden or tissue concentration of chemical is referred to as Half Life Period. A biological half-life or elimination half-life is the time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose one-half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiological activity.