31. On average, an adult brain weighs between how many kg?
[A] 2.0 kg – 2.5 kg
[B] 1.0 kg – 1.5 kg
[C] 1.5 kg – 2.5 kg
[D] 3.0 kg – 3.5 kg
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1.0 kg – 1.5 kg]
Notes:
On average, an adult brain weighs between 1.0kg – 1.5kg and it is mainly composed of neurons – the fundamental unit of the brain and nervous system.
32. Monocytes differentiate into which kind of phagocytic cells?
[A] Neutrophil
[B] B cell
[C] Macrophage
[D] T cell
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Macrophage]
Notes:
Macrophages are specialized cells that are involved in the detection, phagocytosis, and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms. A monocyte is a type of white blood cell and it is a phagocyte.
33. Which of the following is located at the junction with the bladder composed of smooth involuntary muscle?
[A] Urethra
[B] Internal Urethral sphincters
[C] External Urethral Sphincters
[D] Bladder
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Internal Urethral sphincters]
Notes:
The internal urethral sphincter is a muscle that constricts the internal urethral orifice. It is made up of smooth muscle so it is involuntary.
34. Which of the following is not pure endocrine gland?
[A] Thyroid gland
[B] Thymus gland
[C] Pancreas
[D] Adrenal
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Pancreas]
Notes:
The pancreas and gonads are two glands that are not pure endocrine. The pancreas secretes both hormones and enzymes and acts as both endocrine and exocrine.
35. Which gland plays an important role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body’s cells?
[A] Gonads
[B] Pancreas
[C] Pineal gland
[D] Adrenal glands
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Pancreas]
Notes:
The pancreas plays an important role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body’s cells.
36. The adrenal cortex secretes all except __
[A] Androgenic steroid
[B] Cortisol
[C] Relaxin
[D] Aldosterone
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Relaxin]
Notes:
The adrenal cortex secretes all except Relaxin. Relaxin is produced primarily by the corpus luteum.
37. Consider the following stages of the menstrual cycle:
- Menstruation
- Follicular phase
- Ovulation
- Luteal phase
Which of the following is the correct order of the menstrual cycle stages?
[A] 1, 2, 3, 4
[B] 2, 1, 3, 4
[C] 1, 2, 4, 3
[D] 2, 3, 1, 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [1, 2, 3, 4]
Notes:
The menstrual cycle comprises four stages in a specified order. It begins with Menstruation (shedding of the uterine lining), followed by the Follicular phase (development of follicles in the ovaries), then Ovulation (release of the egg), and finally the Luteal phase (preparation of the uterine lining for potential pregnancy). This order is crucial for the proper functioning and regulation of the menstrual cycle and hormone levels.
38. A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base is called __
[A] RNA
[B] Nitrogenous base
[C] Bacteria
[D] Plasmid
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Nitrogenous base]
Notes:
A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base is called a Nitrogenous base. Nucleic acids are composed of a combination of 5 nitrogenous bases:
1. Guanine and adenine are double-ringed purine molecules.
2. Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are single-ringed pyrimidine molecules.
39. The part of brain which controls emotional reactions in our body is ____:
[A] Hypothalamus
[B] Meninges
[C] Cerebrum
[D] Thalamus
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Hypothalamus]
Notes:
The brain’s limbic system controls emotional expression through the hypothalamus, which has control over the body’s emotional responses systems. The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating hunger, thirst, response to pain, levels of pleasure, sexual satisfaction, anger and aggressive behavior, etc. It also regulates pulse, blood pressure, breathing, and arousal in response to emotional circumstances.
40. What are female gametes called as?
[A] Zygote
[B] Sperms
[C] Embryo
[D] Ova
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Ova]
Notes:
Female gametes are also called eggs or ova. They are created during the cellular reproduction process known as meiosis. The resulting gamete cell is a haploid cell. When the two haploid cells, the egg and sperm, fuse together during fertilization, the result is a diploid cell called a zygote.
