Biology MCQs

Notes:
Tricho-Card is a nonpathogenic product that is used in various crops as well as horticulture and ornamental plants.

Notes:
Kala-azar is a parasitic disease that is confined to humans which is caused by the Leishmania donovani parasite. It is harboured by an insect called the sand-fly. The term “kala-azar” comes from India where it is the Hindi for black fever. The name “Leischmania donovani” honors two men: the British pathologist William Boog Leishman who in 1903 wrote about the protozoa that causes kalaazar and the researcher C. Donovan, who made the same discovery independently the same year.

Notes:
Glycolysis, part of cellular respiration, is a series of reactions that constitute the first phase of most carbohydrate catabolism, catabolism meaning the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and forms pyruvate with the production of two molecules of ATP. The entire process from conversion of glucose to pyruvate is anaerobic that is it does not take place in presence of oxygen.

Notes:
Land snails, insects, birds, and some reptiles excrete uric acid as the major nitrogenous waste. The white, crystalline substance seen in a typical bird or lizard “poop” is actually urine: a little pool of uric acid crystals in a very small amount of water.

Notes:
The green color in leaves is caused by the presence of a compound called “chlorophyll,” which the plant produces to do photosynthesis for capturing solar energy. The chlorophyll is green because it absorbs red and blue wavelengths of light — and so green is not absorbed and is reflected, making the plant look green to eyes.

Notes:
Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy by organisms. Carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials of this process. The light energy comes from the Sun and its end products are oxygen and glucose.

Notes:
Internal fertilization is a mode of reproduction wherein the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) occurs inside the female body. It’s a common method in terrestrial animals due to the higher survival rate of fertilized eggs within a protected internal environment. Contrastingly, external fertilization takes place outside the female body, often in aquatic environments.

Notes:
Palynology is the scientific discipline concerned with the study of plant pollen, spores, and certain microscopic planktonic organisms, by this way diatom, in both living and fossil form. It is associated with the plant sciences as well as with the geologic sciences, notably those aspects dealing with stratigraphy, historical geology, study of organic microfossils (palynomorphs) extracted from ancient coals, paleontology and archaeology.

Notes:
• Budding reproduction occur in Hydra. Budding is an asexual mode of producing new organisms. Both hydra and yeast reproduce by the process of Budding.
• Fragmentation: Cyanobacteria, fungi, flatworms, sponges, some annelid worms and sea stars.
• Binary Fission: Amoeba, E. coli, Archaea, euglena etc.
• Spore formation: Fungi, bacteria, Algae etc.

Notes:
Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. The inflammation may be caused by infection with bacteria.