General Science - Biology MCQs

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The diabetic person has higher sugar in blood. Glucose is a form of water soluble sugar. Excess blood sugar decreases the elasticity of blood vessels and causes them to narrow, impeding blood flow. This can lead to a reduced supply of blood and oxygen, increasing the risk of high blood pressure and damage to large and small blood vessels.

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Glycogen, the principal storage form of glucose in animal cells, sometimes called “animal starch” for its resemblance with starch found in plants. It is stored in liver and muscle cells and can be converted to glucose if needed. In the liver this conversion is regulated by the hormone glucagon.

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Vitamin C is quite unstable when cooked or stored improperly. It is very liable and easily destroyed during cooking as well as storage. It is a water-soluble and temperature-sensitive vitamin, so is easily degraded during cooking, and elevated temperatures and long cooking times have been found to cause particularly severe losses of vitamin C.

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Itai-itai disease was the documented case of mass cadmium poisoning in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, starting around 1912. The cadmium poisoning caused softening of the bones and kidney failure. This disease is the most severe form of chronic Cd poisoning caused by prolonged oral Cd ingestion. It developed in numerous inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, an area most severely polluted by Cd that originated from a zinc mine located upstream.

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Leukaemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called “blasts”. Damage to the bone marrow, by way of displacing the normal bone marrow cells with higher numbers of immature white blood cells, results in a lack of blood platelets, which are important in the blood clotting process. This means people with leukaemia may easily become bruised, bleed excessively, or develop pinprick bleeds (petechiae). White blood cells, which are involved in fighting pathogens, may be suppressed or dysfunctional. This could cause the patient’s immune system to be unable to fight off a simple infection or to start attacking other normal body cells.

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Smut of wheat is caused by Ustilago tritici. Rust is caused by Puccinia grlaminae. Mild symptoms may be present prior to heading, including yellowish leaf streaks and stiff, dark green leaves. Affected plants head out early, producing sterile heads with clumped, sooty olive-black spores in place of healthy glumes and kernels.

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Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is an essential dietary nutrient. Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin C. Citrus Fruits are the best source of Vitamin C. After several months of deficiency, a range of symptoms and signs can occur, including anemia, myalgia, bone pain, easy bruising, swelling, petechiae, gum disease, poor wound healing, and depression. Late stages of scurvy are life threatening.

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Taxonomy is the academic discipline of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups. Each group (taxon) is given a rank and groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super group of higher rank and thus create a hierarchical classification. Carlous Linneaus is considered as father of taxonomy.

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During the day when stomata are open, the transpiration pull becomes a major driving force in the movement of water in the xylem. Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. The remaining 97–99.5% is lost by transpiration and guttation.

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Archegonium is the female reproductive organ in ferns and mosses. The upper part of the archegonium, the neck, consists of four rows of cells containing central neck cells. The uppermost of the neck cells are the neck canal cells; the lowest cell is the ventral canal cell. It has one neck canal cell with two nuclei.