31. Which of the following can cause hepatitis?
[A] an improperly functioning immune system
[B] alcohol and medicines
[C] viruses
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
An improperly functioning immune system, alcohol, medicines, and viruses can cause hepatitis. This is a viral disease, that causes hepatic anorexia resulting in liver damage or jaundice.
32. Which of the following is not a Degenerative disease?
[A] Hypertension
[B] Atherosclerosis
[C] Obesity
[D] Alzheimer’s disease
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Obesity]
Notes:
Obesity is not a Degenerative disease. Degenerative diseases are those diseases, which occur due to aging and result in malfunction or deficiency.
33. What is ELISA?
[A] Using radiolabelled second antibody
[B] Usage of RBCs
[C] Using complement-mediated cell lysis
[D] Addition of substrate that is converted into a colored end product
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Addition of substrate that is converted into a colored end product]
Notes:
ELISA stands for enzyme-linked immunoassay. This is a commonly used laboratory test to detect antibodies in the blood. An antibody is a protein produced by the body’s immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens.
34. Which of the following increases the rate of heart beat?
[A] Peripheral nerves
[B] Parasympathetic nerves
[C] Sympathetic nerves
[D] Cranial nerves
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Sympathetic nerves]
Notes:
Heart rate is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases the hormones (catecholamine – epinephrine) to accelerate the heart rate. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) releases the hormone acetylcholine to slow the heart rate.
35. ____ is a straw coloured, viscous fluid constituting nearly 55 per cent of the blood:
[A] Plasma
[B] Formed Elements
[C] Blood Groups
[D] Coagulation of Blood
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Plasma]
Notes:
Plasma is a straw coloured, viscous fluid constituting nearly 55 per cent of the blood. 90-92 per cent of plasma is water and proteins contribute 6-8 per cent of it. Fibrinogen, globulins and albumins are the major proteins. Fibrinogens are needed for clotting or coagulation of blood; while, globulins primarily are involved in defense.
36. Night Blindness is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin ___:
[A] Vitamin A
[B] Vitamin C
[C] Vitamin K
[D] Vitamin B12
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Vitamin A]
Notes:
Night blindness, also called nyctalopia, is failure of the eye to adapt promptly from light to darkness that is characterized by a reduced ability to see in dim light or at night. It occurs as a symptom of numerous congenital and inherited retinal diseases or as a result of vitamin A deficiency.
37. Which one of the following animals belongs to mollusca?
[A] Haliotis
[B] Hare
[C] Hydra
[D] Hyla
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Hare]
Notes:
Sea hares are molluscs. They belong to Phylum Mollusca and Class Gastropoda like snails. Like many other sea slugs (Subclass Opistobranchia), sea hares lack external shells as adults. Sea hares belong to Order Anaspidea.
38. The harmful substances produced by the microbes are known as ____:
[A] Toxins
[B] Hormones
[C] Pollutants
[D] Antibiotics
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Toxins]
Notes:
Toxins are substances created by plants and animals that are poisonous to humans. Most toxins that cause problems in humans are released by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae or protozoa. For example, cholera is due to a bacterial toxin so also tetanus.
39. Which vitamin deficiency causes the disease, Pernicious anaemia?
[A] Vitamin B5
[B] Vitamin B6
[C] Vitamin B12
[D] Vitamin C
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Vitamin B12]
Notes:
Pernicious anaemia is one of many types of the larger family of megaloblastic anaemias. It is caused by loss of gastric parietal cells which are responsible, in part, for the secretion of intrinsic factor, a protein essential for subsequent absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum.
40. The concept of tissue culture was introduced by ____:
[A] Hanstein
[B] Halfmeister
[C] Haberlandt
[D] Hanning
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Haberlandt]
Notes:
Wilhelm Roux is credited with the establishment of the basic principle of tissue culture in 1885. However, it was Gottlieb Haberlandt, an Austrian botanist, who first pointed out the possibilities of the culture of isolated tissues, plant tissue culture.
