Biology MCQs

Notes:
A kidney transplant is the best long-term solution for kidney failure. Complete failure of the kidneys allows urea and other waste products to build up in the blood.

Notes:
Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down lactose.

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Hormones are released by specialized cells of the endocrine glands and act on distant target cells. One hormone can contribute to many functions and sometimes several hormones can perform the same function.

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The uterus is the place of development of the embryo. This is a hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and rectum.

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Land snails, insects, birds, and some reptiles excrete uric acid as the major nitrogenous waste. The white, crystalline substance seen in a typical bird or lizard “poop” is actually urine: a little pool of uric acid crystals in a very small amount of water.

Notes:
The best food for the newborn baby is mother’s milk initial secretion call colostrum. Breast milk is free from contamination and adulteration and supplies necessary immunoglobulins and nutrients in almost correct amounts. It protects against allergies, sickness, and obesity. It protects against diseases, like diabetes and cancer. It protects against infections, like ear infections. It is easily digested – no constipation, diarrhea or upset stomach.

Notes:
The stethoscope is an acoustic medical device listening to the internal sounds of an animal or human body. It typically has a small disc-shaped resonator that is placed against the chest, and two tubes connected to earpieces. Working of a stethoscope is based on reflection of sound. In a stethoscope, the sound of the patient’s heartbeat reaches the doctor’s ear by multiple reflections of sound.

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Green undecomposed material used as manure is called green manure. It is obtained in two ways: by growing green manure crops or by collecting green leaf (along with twigs) from plants grown in wastelands, field bunds and forest.

Notes:
• Budding reproduction occur in Hydra. Budding is an asexual mode of producing new organisms. Both hydra and yeast reproduce by the process of Budding.
• Fragmentation: Cyanobacteria, fungi, flatworms, sponges, some annelid worms and sea stars.
• Binary Fission: Amoeba, E. coli, Archaea, euglena etc.
• Spore formation: Fungi, bacteria, Algae etc.

Notes:
In an autosomal dominant disorder, the mutated gene is a dominant gene located on one of the nonsex chromosomes (autosomes). The early-onset form of Alzheimer disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person inherits the altered gene from one affected parent.