Biology MCQs

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Biotechnology has been defined by The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB).

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A thick vein seen in the middle of the leaf is called the midrib. Pinnately veined leaves have one large central vein, called the midrib, which extends from the base of the blade to its tip. Other large veins branch off on each side of the midrib. The leaves of beech, birch, and elm trees have such a vein pattern.

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Composting is the depomposition of plant remains and other once-living materials to make an earthy, dark, crumbly substance that is excellent for enriching soil. It is the chief way to recycle wastes.

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Based on the dividing capacity of the tissues, various plant tissues can be classified as growing or meristematic tissue and permanent tissue. Meristem is a type of tissue system in plants, composed of a mass of undifferentiated cells and their primary function is to take part in the growth of plants. Permanent tissues are differentiated tissues doing specific functions such as conduction, providing mechanical support or carrying out photosynthesis etc.

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The average adult has a blood volume of roughly 4-5 to 5 litres, which is composed of plasma and several kinds of cells. By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of whole blood, the plasma about 54.3%, and white cells about 0.7%.

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The nucleoplasm is the liquid or semi-liquid substance of the nucleus filling the space around the DNA and the nucleoli. It is a type of protoplasm that is made up mostly of water, a mixture of various molecules, and dissolved ions. It is completely enclosed within the nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope.

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Conduction is the process by which vital nutrients are transported to the different parts of a plant. This process is independent of the light factor. Respiration process in plants is the intake of carbon-dioxide and exhales oxygen during the day as the plants gets energy through the photosynthesis process in which the carbon-dioxide is converted into sugars using the sun light energy, as this process uses carbon-dioxide and water, the resulting gas oxygen is given out as a waste product. During the night, as the photosynthesis process does not take place it exhales the carbon-dioxide itself.

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Penicillin the so called ‘Wonder drug’ discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1927 is produced from the genus of fungi “Penicillia”. All penicillin are â-lactam antibiotics and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Grampositive organisms.

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Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. The inflammation may be caused by infection with bacteria.

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Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach.