31. Which systems protect our body against disease-causing microbes?
[A] Immune system
[B] Digestive system
[C] Excretory system
[D] Respiratory system
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Immune system]
Notes:
The immune system protects our body against disease-causing microbes. The main parts of the immune system are white blood cells, antibodies, complement system, lymphatic system, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow.
32. The male accessory glands generate fluid that nourishes the sperm called __
[A] semen
[B] seminal plasma
[C] spermatogonia
[D] testosterone
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [seminal plasma]
Notes:
The male accessory glands generate fluid that nourishes the sperm called seminal plasma and is rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes.
33. What is the scrotal ligament?
[A] an accessory reproductive gland in male mammals
[B] elastic tissue which connects the cauda epididymis to the scrotal sac
[C] remnant of gubernaculum in a fetus
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [remnant of gubernaculum in a fetus]
Notes:
A scrotal ligament is the remnant of the gubernaculum in a fetus. It secures the testis to the most inferior portion of the scrotum.
34. In male sharks, Claspers are found attached to
____:
[A] Anal fin
[B] Ventral fin
[C] Pectoral fin
[D] Pelvic fin
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Pelvic fin]
Notes:
Claspers are organs found in male elasmobranchs. Each male has two claspers. They are located along the inner side of the shark or ray’s pelvic fin and are used in reproduction. During mating, the male deposits his sperm into the female’s cloaca (the opening that serves as the entrance to the uterus, intestine and urinary tract) via grooves that lie in the upper side of the claspers.
35. Which of the following vitamins are water soluble?
[A] Vitamin A and Vitamin B
[B] Vitamin B and Vitamin C
[C] Vitamin C and Vitamin D
[D] Vitamin A and Vitamin D
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Vitamin B and Vitamin C]
Notes:
Vitamins are classified as either fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) or water soluble (vitamins B and C).The fat soluble vitamins are soluble in lipids (fats); water-soluble vitamins are those that dissolve in water upon entering the body. Because of this, our body cannot store excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins for later use.
36. The narrowest and most numerous tubes of lungs are termed as ____:
[A] Bronchus
[B] Hilum
[C] Bronchioles
[D] Alveoli
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Bronchioles]
Notes:
The respiratory bronchioles are the narrowest airways of the lungs, one fiftieth of an inch across. The bronchi divide many times before evolving into the bronchioles. The bronchioles deliver air to the exchange surfaces of the lungs.
37. Which muscles in the skin contract to make the hairs on our skin stand up straight (goose bumps) when we are cold or frightened?
[A] Epidermis
[B] Collagen
[C] Elastin
[D] Arrector pili
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Arrector pili]
Notes:
Arrector pili is a microscopic band of muscle tissue which connects a hair follicle to the dermis. ? When stimulated, the arrector pili will contract and cause the hair to become more perpendicular to the skin surface (stand on end), known colloquially as goose bumps.
38. The element involved with blood clotting is ____:
[A] Iron
[B] Calcium
[C] Phosphorus
[D] Sodium
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Calcium]
Notes:
Blood clotting occurs at the point of injury to control bleeding from blood vessels. The coagulation of the blood is initiated by the blood platelets. They normally start the clotting process when they’re exposed to the air, such as in a cut or wound. Calcium ions are required for the promotion or acceleration of blood clotting pathways. With the help of vitamin K and calcium, fibrinogen (a protein that reacts with platelets) forms a mesh of tiny threads that collects red blood cells, which plug the open blood vessels as it dries. This is a clot.
39. The yellow colour of urine is due to presence of ____:
[A] Bile
[B] Lymph
[C] Urochrome
[D] Cholesterol
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Urochrome]
Notes:
The color of normal urine is usually light yellow to amber. Generally, the greater the solute volume the deeper the color. The yellow color of urine is due to the presence of a yellow pigment, urochrome. Deviations from normal color can be caused by certain drugs and various vegetables such as carrots, beets, and rhubarb.
40. Where is bile stored?
[A] Liver
[B] Kidney
[C] Gall bladder
[D] Spleen
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Gall bladder]
Notes:
Bile is a fluid that is produced continuously by the liver and stored and concentrated in the gall bladder. After eating, this stored bile is discharged into the duodenum. Bile helps with digestion by breaking down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract.
