Biology MCQs

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There are basically two approaches to cloning the entire genome. In the first approach, systematic cloning is performed and the second approach is based on randomly cloning overlapping fragments.

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Protease is an enzyme that cleaves proteins. These enzymes are made by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.

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Histology is the study of the micro anatomy of cells, tissues, and organs as seen through a microscope. It examines the correlation between structure and fun-ction.Histology is the micro-scopic counterpart to gross anatomy which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

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Sharks possess a heterocercal caudal fin in which the dorsal portion is usually noticeably larger than the ventral portion. This is because the shark’s vertebral column extends into the dorsal portion, providing a greater surface area for muscle attachment.

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Leukaemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called “blasts”. Damage to the bone marrow, by way of displacing the normal bone marrow cells with higher numbers of immature white blood cells, results in a lack of blood platelets, which are important in the blood clotting process. This means people with leukaemia may easily become bruised, bleed excessively, or develop pinprick bleeds (petechiae). White blood cells, which are involved in fighting pathogens, may be suppressed or dysfunctional. This could cause the patient’s immune system to be unable to fight off a simple infection or to start attacking other normal body cells.

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Red blood cells, also called erythrocytes, are the most abundant cell type in the blood. The primary function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen to body cells and deliver carbon dioxide to the lungs. Red blood cells are derived from stem cells in red bone marrow. These cells have a life-span of about 120 days.

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DPT refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the organism that cause pertussis (wP).

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Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm). Conventionally, a normal adult has a heartbeat rate of 72 per minute. However, the heart rate can vary according to the body’s physical needs, including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide.

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Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in maintaining healthy vision, neurological function. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, which is converted to Vitamin A in the body. Carrots are a good source of several other vitamins and minerals, especially biotin, vitamin K (phylloquinone), potassium and Vitamin B6.

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Olfactory receptor, also called smell receptor, are present in the nose. It is a protein capable of binding odour molecules that plays a central role in the sense of smell (olfaction). It is responsible for the detection of odorants which give rise to the sense of smell. Activated olfactory receptors trigger nerve impulses which transmit information about odour to the brain.