Biology MCQs

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Variation is the driving force of evolution. Genetic variation is the presence of differences in the sequences of genes between different organisms of a species.

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The smallest unit of genetic material that produces a phenotypic effect on mutation is called Muton.

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A genotype is a collection of genes of an individual. The term can also refer to two alleles inherited for a particular gene. The genotype is expressed when the information encoded in the gene’s DNA is used to make proteins and RNA molecules.

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The recognition site is the sequence of DNA where the DNA is cleaved. The presence of more than one recognition site can result in multiple cuts within the DNA leading to DNA fragmentation. This would complicate the process of gene cloning.

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Identification of drugs through genomic studies is called Pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics may improve health care costs and efficiency.

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The average adult has a blood volume of roughly 4-5 to 5 litres, which is composed of plasma and several kinds of cells. By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of whole blood, the plasma about 54.3%, and white cells about 0.7%.

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Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. It is useful in the visual identification of plants.

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Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid (C6H8O6). It is a water-soluble vitamin that occurs as a white or slightly yellow crystal or powder with a slight acidic taste. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone.

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The pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. A small amount of blood is also drained from the lungs by the bronchial veins. There are typically four pulmonary veins, two draining each lung. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation.

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Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lacks a cell wall around their cell membrane. Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. In comparison to other prokaryotes, they are consequently placed in a separate class Mollicutes(mollis, soft; cutis, skin).