31. In which part of the body digestion of protein begins?
[A] Pancreas
[B] Stomach
[C] Small Intestine
[D] Large Intestine
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Stomach]
Notes:
Protein digestion begins when you first start chewing. Your saliva contains two enzymes called amylase and lipase. They mostly break down carbohydrates and fats. Once a protein source reaches your stomach, hydrochloric acid and enzymes called proteases to break it down into shorter chains of amino acids.
32. Consider the following functions of the stomach:
- Temporarily store food
- Contract and relax to mix and break down food
- Produce enzymes and other specialized cells to digest food
Which of the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 2 and 3
[C] Only 1 and 3
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 and 3]
Notes:The functions of the stomach are:
- It temporarily stores food
- It contracts and relaxes to mix and break down food
- It produces enzymes and other specialized cells to digest food
Thus, all the given statements are correct.
33. What hormones do the parathyroid gland produce?
[A] thyroid hormones
[B] parathormone
[C] prolactin
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [parathormone]
Notes:
The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone or parathormone. The parathyroid glands are two pairs of small, oval-shaped glands.
34. Which of the following is the division of human eggs?
[A] Holoblastic and unequal
[B] Meroblastic
[C] Holoblastic and equal
[D] Isoblastic
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Holoblastic and unequal]
Notes:
The division of human eggs is holoblastic and unequal. Holoblastic cleavage is observed in eggs that have a moderate to the sparse amount of yolk. Holoblastic cleavage is the complete division of an isolecithal or microlecithal egg into blastomeres.
35. Homozygosity and heterozygosity of an individual can be determined by __
[A] Back cross
[B] Self-fertilization
[C] Test cross
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Test cross]
Notes:
An experimental cross of an individual organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype and an organism with a homozygous recessive genotype is known as a test cross.
36. Sugar crops to produce __
[A] biomethane
[B] bioethanol
[C] biobutanol
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [bioethanol]
Notes:
Bioethanol is produced by fermentation of residues from corn, potatoes, cereals, sugar beets, sugarcane and vegetables.
37. Which of the following initiates replication in DNA?
[A] DNA ligase
[B] Origin of replication
[C] Termination sequences
[D] Histone proteins
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Origin of replication]
Notes:
A chromosome contains the specific DNA sequence, called the origin of replication, which is responsible for initiating replication. DNA ligase is an enzyme. It helps in binding the DNA. Termination sequence is the site where DNA replication ends while histones are the proteins around which DNA is wound.
38. What may complicate the process of gene cloning within the cell?
[A] One recognition site
[B] Foreign DNA
[C] More than one recognition site
[D] Antibody
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [More than one recognition site]
Notes:
The recognition site is the sequence of DNA where the DNA is cleaved. The presence of more than one recognition site can result in multiple cuts within the DNA leading to DNA fragmentation. This would complicate the process of gene cloning.
39. A prokaryotic cell does not have which of the following?
[A] Cell membrane
[B] Ribosomes
[C] Nucleus
[D] DNA
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Nucleus]
Notes:
Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle. The word “prokaryotic” means “before nucleus.” Prokaryotes include two groups: bacteria and another group called archaea. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have a “true” nucleus containing their DNA.
40. Columba livia is the scientific name of _____:
[A] Pigeon
[B] Shark
[C] Snake
[D] Rabbit
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Pigeon]
Notes:
The Rock Dove (Columba livia) or Rock Pigeon, is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, this bird is often simply referred to as the “pigeon”. The species includes the domestic pigeon (including the fancy white pigeon).