31. What is the role of ADH in kidney function?
[A] It controls the amount of water absorption by the nephrons.
[B] It helps in excretion of toxic nitrogenous compounds.
[C] It regulates the amount of glucose processed and excreted by the kidneys.
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [It controls the amount of water absorption by the nephrons.]
Notes:
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) controls the amount of water absorption by the nephrons. It is also called arginine vasopressin.
32. What is the ultimate product of Glycolysis?
[A] Pyruvic acid
[B] Carbon dioxide
[C] Glucose
[D] Ethyl alcohol
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Pyruvic acid]
Notes:
Glycolysis, part of cellular respiration, is a series of reactions that constitute the first phase of most carbohydrate catabolism, catabolism meaning the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and forms pyruvate with the production of two molecules of ATP. The entire process from conversion of glucose to pyruvate is anaerobic that is it does not take place in presence of oxygen.
33. What accumulates in the muscles after continuous strenuous physical exercise as a result of temporary anaerobic respiration that causes muscular fatigue?
[A] ATP
[B] Lactic acid
[C] Ethyl alcohol
[D] Carbon dioxide
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Lactic acid]
Notes:
Anaerobic reactions involve break down of glucose into pyruvic acid, which then reacts to produce lactic acid. As muscle metabolism shifts from aerobic to anaerobic ATP production, lactic acid begins to accumulate in muscles and to appear in the bloodstream. This leads to muscle fatigue with changing pH of muscle cells. C6H12O6 —> 2C3H6O3 + 2ATP
34. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
[A] Budding is not possible in hydra
[B] Hydra have only a sexual reproduction
[C] Most frogs are an oviparous animals
[D] Internal fertilisation takes place in hens
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Hydra have only a sexual reproduction]
Notes:
Hydra is radially symmetrical, that is, the parts of its body are arranged in a circle around a central median axis passing through the mouth. Hydra reproduces by asexual and sexual methods. Asexual reproduction takes place either by budding or by fission.
35. Which of the following is a vestigial organ in human body?
[A] Spleen
[B] Tailbone
[C] Thyroid
[D] Gall bladder
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Tailbone]
Notes:
Evolutionary biologists classify tailbone as vestigial organs, or body parts that have become functionless due to evolution. It is perhaps the most commonly touted example in man of a “useless” evolutionary vestige. Also known as coccyx (because of its similarity to the shape of a cuckoo’s beak), tailbone is a vestigial tail left over from our tailed monkey- like ancestors.
36. ____ is the source of energy and materials in human beings:
[A] Gas
[B] Food
[C] Water
[D] Sunlight
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Food]
Notes:
Food is any substance that is consumed by human beings to obtain energy and nutritional support. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingested and assimilated by the cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.
37. Which of these is the energy conversion that happens in the process called photo synthesis?
[A] Potential energy to chemical energy
[B] Light energy to chemical energy
[C] Heat energy to chemical energy
[D] Heat energy to light energy
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Light energy to chemical energy]
Notes:
During the process of photosynthesis, light penetrates the cell and passes into the chloroplast. The light energy is intercepted by chlorophyll molecules on the granal stacks. Some of the light energy is converted to chemical energy. During this process, a phosphate is added to a molecule to cause the formation of ATP.
38. Ringworm is a disease caused by _____:
[A] Virus
[B] Flies
[C] Fungi
[D] Bacteria
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Fungi]
Notes:
Ringworm, also known as dermatophytosis or tinea, is a fungal infection of the skin or scalp. The name “ringworm” is a misnomer, since the infection is caused by a fungus, not a worm. The infection initially presents with red patches on affected areas of the skin and later spreads to other parts of the body.
39. Which vitamin helps in blood coagulation?
[A] Vitamin-A
[B] Vitamin-C
[C] Vitamin-E
[D] Vitamin-K
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Vitamin-K]
Notes:
Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that are needed for the post translational modification of certain proteins required for blood coagulation i.e. conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, the blood clot. and in metabolic pathways in bone and other tissue. They are 2-methyl-1,4- naphthoquinone (3-)derivatives. This group of vitamins includes two natural vitamins: vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Vitamin K1, also known as phylloquinone, phytomenadione, or phytonadione, is synthesized by plants, and is found in highest amounts in green leafy vegetables because it is directly involved in photosynthesis. It may be thought of as the “plant form” of vitamin K. It is active in animals since animals can easily convert it to vitamin K2.
40. Major pesticidal properties are present in _____:
[A] Jamun
[B] Jatropha
[C] Castor
[D] Pongamia
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Jatropha]
Notes:
More than one option is correct. Jatropha curcas is known for its insecticidal, pesticidal and fungicidal properties. It is used in rural Bengal for dhobi itch (a common fungal infection of the skin). Pesticidal properties have also been reported from Pongamia Pinnata (Karanja) especially against nematodes.