Biology MCQs

Notes:
Scurvy is the name for a vitamin C deficiency. It can lead to anemia, debility, exhaustion, spontaneous bleeding, pain in the limbs, and especially the legs, swelling in some parts of the body, and sometimes ulceration of the gums and loss of teeth.

Notes:
The liver’s main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. The primary functions of the liver are:
• Bile production and excretion
• Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, and drugs
• Metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
• Enzyme activation
• Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals
• Synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin, and clotting factors

Notes:
Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted by islet cells within the pancreas. They are both secreted in response to blood sugar levels, but in opposite fashion. Insulin is normally secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to metabolize glycogen into glucose molecules and to release glucose into the blood.  Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.

Notes:
Most accurate way to estimate tree age is to count the annual rings of wood growth. Each ring marks a complete cycle of seasons, or one year, in the tree’s life.

Notes:
The digestive functions of saliva include moistening food, and helping to create a food bolus, so it can be swallowed easily. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase that breaks some starches down into maltose and dextrin. Thus, digestion of food occurs within the mouth, even before food reaches the stomach.

Notes:
Generally, a high blood urea nitrogen level means your kidneys aren’t working well. But elevated blood urea nitrogen can also be due to: Urinary tract obstruction, congestive heart failure or recent heart attack.

Notes:
An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. An antigen may be a substance from the environment, such as chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or pollen. An antigen may also form inside the body.

Notes:
Goitre is a disorder caused due to the deficiency of iodine. Malfunction of thyroid gland leads to goitre (Swelling of neck). It is due to the bulge of the thyroid gland.

Notes:
Paleobotany is the scientific study of ancient plants using plant fossils found in sedimentary rocks.

Notes:
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.