11. Which among the following Vitamin is added to the milk in some countries as it is lost during the process of Fat Removal (Skimming)?
[A] Vitamin A
[B] Vitamin B
[C] Vitamin C
[D] Vitamin D
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Vitamin A]
Notes:
Vitamin A is added to the milk in some countries as it is lost during the process of Fat Removal called Skimming. Vitamin A is important for good vision, a healthy immune system, and cell growth.
12. The ancestors of land plants were most likely similar to modern__:
[A] Conifers
[B] Ferns
[C] Green Algae
[D] Flowering Plants
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Green Algae]
Notes:
The ancestor of the modern multicellular plant is the green algae, Chlorophyta.
13. All cells contain the same genetic information, yet cells other than stem cells can not differentiate into various tissues. What is the possible reason for this?
[A] As cells develop their genetic makeup changes.
[B] As cells develop some genes are turned off permanently.
[C] Stem cells are the only cells that do not have an X or Y chromosome and can therefore go into either a male or female.
[D] Stem cells are the only cells that can be implanted
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [ As cells develop some genes are turned off permanently.]
Notes:
As cells develop some genes are turned off permanently. All of the cells within a complex multicellular organism such as a human being contain the same DNA; however, the body of such an organism is clearly composed of many different types of cells. What, then, makes a liver cell different from a skin or muscle cell? The answer lies in the way each cell deploys its genome. In other words, the particular combination of genes that are turned on (expressed) or turned off (repressed) dictates cellular morphology (shape) and function. This process of gene expression is regulated by cues from both within and outside cells, and the interplay between these cues and the genome affects essentially all processes that occur during embryonic development and adult life. This means that cells become specialized because the genes that are not required are switched off. Only the genes needed to make a particular type of cell work are switched on. So muscle cells only have the genes needed to make muscle cell proteins switched on. All the other genes, such as those needed to make blood cell proteins and nerve cell proteins, are switched off. But the stem cells are unspecialized and can develop into various tissues.
14. Gram Positive Bacteria can be identified by the Gram staining because of the following reasons?
[A] The cell walls have more lipids compared to peptidoglycan
[B] The Cells walls have more Peptidoglycan compared to Lipids
[C] The Cells membrane has more fatty acids
[D] The plasma has Peptidoglycans
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [ The Cells walls have more Peptidoglycan compared to Lipids]
Notes:
The cell wall which is made up of Peptidoglycan as well as lipids gets violet due to the reaction of the CV+. After the decolorization with alcohol, the lipids gets dissolved and the bacteria with higher Peptidoglycan remain violet. These are called Gram Positive bacteria.
15. Which of the following plants is most likely to present a higher water use efficiency?
[A] Wheat
[B] Rice
[C] Sorghum
[D] Pea
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Sorghum]
Notes:
Sorghum is considered to have greater water use efficiency primarily because it is a C4 plant. C4 plants have a unique mechanism to concentrate carbon dioxide levels in their leaves, which in turn drastically improves efficiency in the use of water and nitrogen. Sorghum, with this C4 photosynthesis, is highly tolerant to drought, intense sunlight, and high temperatures.
16. Which of the following is the lowest taxonomic division shared by both man and frog?
[A] Order
[B] Class
[C] Phylum
[D] Family
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Phylum]
Notes:
In the kingdom of animals, the phylum Chordata includes the classes of Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. These classes have at some stage in their lives shown common characteristics. So, man and frog belong to the same Phylum in the taxonomical level.
17. T8 cells are related with which of the following?
[A] Virus
[B] Cell Receptors
[C] Antigen-presenting cell
[D] Cytotoxic T cell
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Cytotoxic T cell]
Notes:
A cytotoxic T cell (also known as TC, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL, T-killer cell, cytolytic T cell, CD8+ T-cells or killer T cell) is a T lymphocyte that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected or cells that are damaged in other ways.
18. What is study of fungus Known as?
[A] Mycology
[B] Phrenology
[C] Physiology
[D] Biology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Mycology]
Notes:
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection.
19. Which of the following is the function of the liver? (UPSC Prelims 1979).
[A] Promote digestion of food
[B] Promote respiration
[C] Store glucose as glucogen
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Store glucose as glucogen]
Notes:
The liver’s main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. The primary functions of the liver are:
• Bile production and excretion
• Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, and drugs
• Metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
• Enzyme activation
• Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals
• Synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin, and clotting factors
20. The Six Kingdoms of Classification is also known as the latest classification system. By whom is it given?
[A] C Woese
[B] O Kandler
[C] Mc Wheels.
[D] Ernest Haeckel
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [C Woese]
Notes:
In biology, a scheme of classifying organisms into six kingdoms: Proposed by Carl Woese et al: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea/Archaeabacteria, and Bacteria/Eubacteria.
