11. Taxonomically, tomato and potato belong to same __:
[A] Family
[B] Genus
[C] Species
[D] Order
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Family]
Notes:
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) both belong to family Solanaceae, which is commonly called as the “potato family”. Many plants belonging to this family are sources of vegetables, fruits etc.
12. Which organs have different basic structures, yet present a similarity in appearance and perform analogous functions?
[A] Kidney and liver
[B] Heart and lungs
[C] Wings of a bat and a bird
[D] Brain and spinal cord
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Wings of a bat and a bird]
Notes:
This is a unique example of convergent evolution in which organs can serve similar purposes but originate from very different original structures. Wings of a bat and bird serve the same purpose, flight, yet they have different underlying structures, resulting from a different evolutionary path.
13. Which of the following cells are closely associated and interacting with guard cells?
[A] Transfusion tissue
[B] Complementary cells
[C] Subsidiary cells
[D] Hypodermal cells
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Subsidiary cells]
Notes:
Subsidiary cells are the accessory cells to guard cells in the epidermis of plants. Two or four subsidiary cells are found surrounding the pair of guard cells. Subsidiary cells do not consist of chloroplasts. They provide support for the functioning of guard cells in the epidermis.
14. Which organ is associated with the production of insulin in the human body?
[A] Pancreas
[B] Liver
[C] Kidney
[D] Heart
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Pancreas]
Notes:
Insulin is a hormone made by an organ located behind the stomach called the pancreas. It allows body to use sugar from carbohydrates in the food. Insulin helps keep blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia).
15. Which of the following glands control temperature in human beings? (UPSC Prelims 1987)
[A] Pituitary gland
[B] Thyroid gland
[C] Hypothalamus gland
[D] Adrenal gland
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Hypothalamus gland]
Notes:
The hypothalamus in the brain controls body temperature by regulating heat production and loss:
Temperature comparison: The hypothalamus compares the body’s current temperature to the normal temperature of around 37°C.
Heat production: If the body is too cold, the hypothalamus triggers heat production.
Heat loss: If the body is too hot, the hypothalamus triggers heat loss, such as sweating or giving off heat.
16. To which of the following kingdoms does the yeast belong to?
[A] Bacteria
[B] Virus
[C] Fungus
[D] None of the above.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Fungus]
Notes:
Yeast is an unicellular eukaryotic micro organism belonging to the family of fungus.
17. Which of the following branch of biology deals with the study of Cartilage?
[A] Chondrology
[B] Chromatology
[C] Cnidology
[D] Conchology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Chondrology]
Notes:
Chondrology is the branch of anatomy that deals with cartilage.
18. The name of Theodor Schwann is associated with the discovery of which of the following?
[A] enzyme pepsin
[B] glial cells in nerves
[C] microorganisms play in alcohol fermentation
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
Schwann discovered the enzyme pepsin and discovered glial cells in nerves – these are now known as Schwann cells. He also identified the role of microorganisms in alcohol fermentation.
19. Which of the following is a reducing sugar?
[A] β-methyl galactosidase
[B] Sucrose
[C] Gluconic acid
[D] Galactose
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Galactose]
Notes:
The dietary monosaccharides galactose, glucose and fructose are all reducing sugars.
20. What kind of virus is measles?
[A] enveloped RNA virus
[B] Coronaviridae
[C] tobacco mosaic virus
[D] Npne of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [enveloped RNA virus]
Notes:
Measles is caused by a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus with a serotype 1. It is classified as a member of the genus Morbillivirus in the Paramyxoviridae family. Humans are the only natural host of the measles virus.
