Biology MCQs

Notes:
Triticale is the world’s first man-made cereal developed by crossing wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale) to combine wheat’s yield and grain quality with rye’s disease resistance and environmental tolerance. The name “triticale” merges “Triticum” and “Secale”, its parent genera.

Notes:
Golden Rice is a genetically engineered (GE) rice variety that has been developed by the biotech industry to produce pro-vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency can be caused by infections that reduce appetite or the body’s ability to absorb vitamin A or may cause night blindness. Golden Rice has the potential to complement existing efforts that seek to reduce blindness and other VAD induced diseases.

Notes:
DPT is a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus and killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis. Diptheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection typically affecting the throat and tonsils with the formation of a thick grey membrane over those areas.   Tetanus is bacteria which lives in soil and contaminates wounds, where it produces a powerful toxin, the toxin attacks the nervous system causing increasing muscle spasm and rigidity. Whooping Cough is one of the most contagious bacterial infections known. Beginning with a runny nose and sore throat, it progresses to a severe spasmodic cough which persists for around 3 months.

Notes:
Vernalization is the induction of a plant’s flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter, or by an artificial equivalent. After vernalization, plants have acquired the ability to flower, but they may require additional seasonal cues or weeks of growth before they will actually flower.

Notes:
• The islets of Langerhans are a cluster of cells within the pancreas that are responsible for the production and release of hormones that regulate glucose levels.
• Growth hormone is also called somatotropin or human growth hormone, peptide hormone. It is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of essentially all tissues of the body, including bone.
• Calcitonin is a hormone that is produced in humans by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin is involved in helping to regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood, opposing the action of parathyroid hormone.
• Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are Epinephrine. Most people know epinephrine by its other name—adrenaline. This hormone rapidly responds to stress by increasing your heart rate and rushing blood to the muscles and brain.

Notes:
Homo habilis– He had a face similar to his ancestors. The skull and brain size indicate that he may have been able to speak. The earliest tools made were from this era. Homo habilis is known as the ‘handy man’ because he was the first to make and use tools.

Notes:
Phloem, also called bast, are tissues in plants that conduct foods made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. This transport process is called translocation. Phloem is composed of various specialized cells called sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma cells.

Notes:
The chromosomal theory of inheritance, or the idea that genes are located on chromosomes, was proposed based on the experiments of Thomas Hunt Morgan.

Notes:
Albert Szent-György is the scientist who discovered Vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin. The chemical name is Ascorbic acid.

Notes:
Ribose is a simple sugar present in RNA. The chemical formula of ribose is C5H10O5, Hexose (C6H1206), Glucose (C6H12O6).