11. The temperature for pasteurisation of milk is selected so as to fulfil which among the following purposes? (UPSC Prelims 1979).
[A] Kill the micro-organisms
[B] Kill all bacteria
[C] Store it for long time without coagulation
[D] Kill the micro organisms and other harmful bacteria
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Kill the micro organisms and other harmful bacteria]
Notes:
Pasteurization is the process of heating milk up and then quickly cooling it down to eliminate certain bacteria and all other microorganisms. More common is heating milk up to at least 161.6 degrees Fahrenheit for 15 seconds. There are following methods that are most commonly used:
• High Temperature, Short Time (HTST) method – This method requires that the milk be held at 161 degrees for 16 seconds.
• Ultra-Pasteurization (UP) – This is the type of pasteurization that you will most commonly see on cartons of milk, half-and-half and heavy cream.
12. What is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin D? (UPSC Prelims 1980).
[A] Rickets
[B] Night blindness
[C] Pellagra
[D] Scurvy
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Rickets]
Notes:
Rickets is a skeletal disorder that’s caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. These nutrients are important for the development of strong, healthy bones. People with rickets may have weak and soft bones, stunted growth, and, in severe cases, skeletal deformities.
13. Which of the following is the thermoregulatory centre of the man body? (UPSC Prelims 1991)
[A] Pituitary
[B] Skin
[C] Hypothalamus
[D] Thyroid
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Hypothalamus]
Notes:
The thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus controls the temperature at which the human body operates. There are two sets of thermoreceptors involved in the controlling of the body temperature.
14. The highest fat content is found in the milk of which of the following animals? (UPSC Prelims 1991)
[A] Buffalo
[B] Cow
[C] Camel
[D] Reindeer
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Buffalo]
Notes:
Buffalo milk has the highest fat content, which is on average twice as high as that of cow milk. The fat-to-protein ratio in buffalo milk is about 2:1.
15. Which among the following types of bees does not have commercial importance?
[A] Dammer bee
[B] The little bee
[C] The Indian hive bee
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [None of the above]
Notes:
There are around 20,000 different species of bees in the world but only 7 of them are honeybees. Of them only five of them have commercial importance in India, they are as follows:
1. The rock bee
2. The Indian hive bee
3. The little bee
4. The European bee
5. Dammer bee
16. What was “Albert Szent-Gyorgyi” famous for?
[A] As a Hungarian biochemist
[B] As a Hungarian physicist
[C] As a Hungarian mathematician
[D] As a Hungarian novelist
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [As a Hungarian biochemist ]
Notes:
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi was a Hungarian biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. He is credited with first isolating vitamin C and discovering the components and reactions of the citric acid cycle. He was also active in the Hungarian Resistance during World War II and entered Hungarian politics after the war.
17. What is another name for cyanobacteria?
[A] Blue-green algae
[B] Protists
[C] Golden algae
[D] Slime moulds
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Blue-green algae]
Notes:
Cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae, are microscopic organisms found naturally in all types of water.
18. Which of the following is a sexual spore?
[A] Ascospore
[B] Sporangiospore
[C] Conidia
[D] Zoospore
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Ascospore]
Notes:
The ascospore is a spore contained in an ascus; this type of spore is typical of fungi classified as ascomycetes.
19. Which of the following is the simplest amino acid?
[A] Glycine
[B] Tyrosine
[C] Alanine
[D] Asparagine
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Glycine]
Notes:
Glycine is the simplest amino acid. It contains a single hydrogen atom as a side chain. It is also a type of proteinogenic amino acid.
20. Microfilaments are made up of which protein?
[A] Tubulin
[B] Actin
[C] Myosin
[D] Chitin
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Actin]
Notes:
Microfilaments are composed of globular subunits of the protein actin. Actin monomers polymerize in the presence of ATP to form flexible helical filaments.
