11. Which of the following causes Dysentery and Influenza?
[A] Bacteria
[B] Viruses
[C] Bacteria and Viruses respectively
[D] Viruses and Bacteria respectively
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Bacteria and Viruses respectively]
Notes:
Causes range from bacteria, viruses, and parasites to food reactions and unclean water. The flu comes with symptoms like fever, congestion, muscle aches, and fatigue. The cause is the influenza virus. More severe cases can lead to life-threatening illnesses like pneumonia.
12. Consider the following statements regarding bones in the human body:
- They consist of 80% solid matter and20% water.
- Solid matter in the bones is made mainly of cartilage.
- Impregnation of salts including carbonates and phosphates of lime imparts hardness to the bones.
- In old age, the proportion of lime decreases and bones become brittle and break easily.
Of these statements: (UPSC Prelims 1990)
[A] 1,2 and 3 are correct
[B] 2 and 4 are correct
[C] 2 and 3 are correct
[D] 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct]
Notes:
All of them are correct.
Bones consist of living cells embedded in a mineralized organic matrix. This matrix consists of organic components, mainly type I collagen – “organic” referring to materials produced as a result of the human body – and inorganic components, primarily hydroxyapatite and other salts of calcium and phosphate.
13. Fat present below the skin surface in our body, acts as a barrier against which of the following losses? (UPSC Prelims 1996)
[A] Loss of heat from the body
[B] loss of essential body fluids
[C] loss of salts from the body
[D] entry of harmful micro-organisms from the environment
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Loss of heat from the body]
Notes:
Adipose tissue that’s fat cells which are under the skin act as barrier to loss of the heat from the body and it protects the skin from entering of highly reactive UV rays of the sun. Fat present below the skin surface in our body, act as an insulator against loss of heat from the body. The deposited fat works as barrier, which prevents loss of heat.
14.
Who among the following is considered to be the father of Comparative Anatomy?
[A] Georges Cuvier
[B] Stephen Hales
[C] Hugo de Vries
[D] Edwin John Butler
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Georges Cuvier]
Notes:
Georges Cuvier is considered to be the father of Comparative Anatomy.
15. Which of the following minerals is related to cytochromes?
[A] Cu and Fe
[B] Cu
[C] Mg
[D] Fe
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Cu and Fe]
Notes:
The minerals associated with cytochromes are Fe and Cu.
16. Which of the following is the fastest enzyme?
[A] Pepsin
[B] Carbonic anhydrase
[C] DNA polymerase
[D] DNA gyrase
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Carbonic anhydrase]
Notes:
An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, and controls the rate of a chemical reaction inside the body. Carbonic anhydrase is mainly found in RBCs of blood cells, pancreatic cells, etc.
17. Which of the following plant group requires both land and water to complete its life cycle?
[A] Tracheophyta
[B] Pteridophyta
[C] Thallophyta
[D] Bryophyta
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Bryophyta]
Notes:
Bryophyta plant group requires both land and water to complete its life cycle. Bryophytes are an informal division consisting of 3 groups of non-vascular plants, namely mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
18. Most of the gymnosperms have__?
[A] Only antheridia
[B] Both antheridia and archegonia
[C] Archegonia but no antheridia
[D] Both absent
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Archegonia but no antheridia]
Notes:
Archegonia is found in bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms. It occurs in antheridia bryophytes and pteridophytes.
19. Intercalary Meristem is found in which of the following?
[A] grass
[B] monocots
[C] pines
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
Intercalary Meristem is found in grass, monocots, and pines. It is a part of the apical meristem and it increases the height of the plant.
20. Papaya foot rot is caused by which of the following?
[A] Phytophthora palmivora
[B] Albugo candida
[C] Peronospora parasitica
[D] Pythium aphanidermatum
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Pythium aphanidermatum]
Notes:
Papaya foot rot is caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. It is characterized by the presence of water-soaked patches on the stem near ground level.
