Biology MCQs

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The least distance of distinct vision (LDDV) or the reference seeing distance (RSD) is the closest someone with “normal” vision (20/20 vision) can comfortably look at something. The range of vision of a healthy human eye is between it’s near point and far point i.e, from 25cm to infinity.

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They are an important source of food for many species. Typically, the older parts of a plant will have more epiphytes growing on them. Epiphytes differ from parasites in that they grow on other plants for physical support and do not necessarily affect the host negatively.

Notes:
The clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum or breastbone. There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally.
The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a flat, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint.
The scapula, or shoulder blade, is a large triangular-shaped bone that lies in the upper back.
The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury.

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Bile is a digestive juice secreted by the liver and it aids in the digestion of food. Many waste products are eliminated from the body through bile.

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Nostoc, also known as star jelly, troll’s butter, witch’s butter, and witch’s jelly, is a genus of cyanobacteria. Nostoc does not have a nuclear membrane. This is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus. The genetic material in these cells is found in the cytoplasm, not enclosed within a nuclear membrane. On the contrary, Volvox, Agaricus, and Penicillium are all eukaryotic organisms, hence possess a nuclear membrane.

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Microfilaments are composed of globular subunits of the protein actin. Actin monomers polymerize in the presence of ATP to form flexible helical filaments.

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The minerals associated with cytochromes are Fe and Cu.

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Monotrichous bacteria have a single flagellum. Lophotrichous bacteria have multiple flagella located at the same location on bacterial surfaces that work together to steer the bacteria in the same direction.

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Smuts, rusts, and molds groups is used to represent disease-related fungi.

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Xylem and phloem are not found in Bryophyta, so they are called non-vascular embryophytes.