11. The sensation of fatigue in the muscles after prolonged strenuous physical work is caused by? (UPSC Prelims 2000)
[A] a decrease in the supply of oxygen
[B] minor wear and tear of muscle fibres
[C] the depletion of glucose
[D] the accumulation of lactic acid
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [the accumulation of lactic acid]
Notes:
The sensation of fatigue which the muscles feel after a prolonged and a strenuous physical workout is caused by the accumulation of lactic acid.
This is so because lactic acid buildup tends to cause fatigue and soreness in the muscles.
There is a burning sensation felt up in the muscles when buildup of acid happens in muscles during exercise. This is also known as acidosis.
12. “Athlete’s Foot” is a disease caused by which of the following microorganisms? (UPSC Prelims 2001)
[A] Bacteria
[B] Fungus
[C] Protozoan
[D] Nematode
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Fungus]
Notes:
It is a member of the group of diseases known as tinea. Athlete’s foot is caused by a number of different fungi, including species of Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. The condition is typically acquired by coming into contact with infected skin, or fungus in the environment.
13. Which of the following statements are correct with respect to homeostasis?
1. Ecosystems are capable of maintaining their state of equilibrium.
2. They cannot regulate their own species structure and functional processes.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 & 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
Notes:
Ecosystems are capable of maintaining their own state of equilibrium. They can regulate their own species structure and functional processes. This capacity of ecosystem of self regulation is referred to as homeostasis.
14. The study of ear, nose and throat is done in which of the following branches?
[A] Otorhinolaryngology
[B] Organology
[C] Ontogeny
[D] Ophthalmology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Otorhinolaryngology]
Notes:
Otorhinolaryngology is a medical specialty that focuses on the ear, nose, and throat.
15. Who among the following is considered as the father of modern ecology?
[A] Ramdeo Misra
[B] Parthasarthy Iyengar
[C] Eugene Odum
[D] Theophrastus
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Eugene Odum]
Notes:
Eugene Odom is known throughout science as the father of modern ecology.
16. Which of the following protects the body from infectious disease?
[A] Leukocytes
[B] Red Blood Cells
[C] Endoplasmic Reticulum
[D] Golgi Bodies
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Leukocytes]
Notes:
White blood cells (WBC), also called leukocytes or leukocytes. Immune system cells that help protect our body from infectious diseases.
17. Viruses are usually divided into several large groups based mainly on?
[A] nature of the host
[B] nucleic acid characteristics
[C] capsid symmetry
[D] diameter of the viroin or nucleocapsid
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [nature of the host]
Notes:
Viruses are usually divided into several large groups based mainly on nature of the host. A virus is an infectious agent of small size and simple structure that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants or bacteria.
18. Except which one is not useful in the treatment of viruses?
[A] acyclovir
[B] interferon
[C] penicillin
[D] antibodies
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [penicillin]
Notes:
Acyclovir is a synthetic guanosine analog. It is used to treat herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections. Antibiotics are useless against viral infections.
19. To which plant kingdom does Wolffia belong?
[A] Angiosperms
[B] Gymnosperms
[C] Pteridophytes
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Angiosperms]
Notes:
Wolffia belong to Angiosperms. Angiosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants that have a well-differentiated plant body. The seeds of angiosperms are enclosed within the fruit.
20. Algae cell wall is made up of which of the following?
[A] Chitin
[B] Cutin
[C] Cellulose
[D] Suberin
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Cellulose]
Notes:
The Algae cell wall is made up of Cellulose.
