11. Which of the following is not an element of the bone? (UPSC Prelims 1988)
[A] Calcium
[B] Phosphorus
[C] Carbon
[D] Oxygen
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Carbon]
Notes:
Bones consist of living cells embedded in a mineralized organic matrix. This matrix consists of organic components, mainly type I collagen – “organic” referring to materials produced as a result of the human body – and inorganic components, primarily hydroxyapatite and other salts of calcium and phosphate.
12. Which of the following concepts was explained by Stephen Hales?
[A] new species are formed from the sudden and unexpected emergence of alterations in their defining traits.
[B] plant function and behaviour
[C] principles of genetics and inheritance to the improvement of the human race
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [plant function and behaviour]
Notes:
Plant physiology is the study of plant function and behaviour. This concepts was explained by Stephen Hales.
13. What is the term known as a giant growth of algae?
[A] Panic boom
[B] Algal boom
[C] Herbal boom
[D] Patkai boom
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Algal boom
]
Notes:
A massive growth or rapid increase in the population of algae in water is known as algal boom.
14. In which of the following cells are chloroplasts present?
[A] plants
[B] algae
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Chloroplasts are present in the cells of all green tissues of plants and algae. Chloroplasts are also found in photosynthetic tissues that do not appear green.
15. Which of the following plant group requires both land and water to complete its life cycle?
[A] Tracheophyta
[B] Pteridophyta
[C] Thallophyta
[D] Bryophyta
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Bryophyta]
Notes:
Bryophyta plant group requires both land and water to complete its life cycle. Bryophytes are an informal division consisting of 3 groups of non-vascular plants, namely mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
16. How do pteridophytes differ from mosses?
[A] Independent gametophyte
[B] Dependent gametophyte
[C] Flagellate antherozoids
[D] Independent and dominant sporophyte
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Independent and dominant sporophyte]
Notes:
Pteridophytes differ from moss and seed plants in that both the generations are independent and dominant.
17. Which of the following happens in Gram-positive cells?
[A] second outer membrane that helps to retain the crystal violet stain
[B] multiple layer of peptidoglycan that helps to retain the crystal violet stain
[C] thick capsule that traps the crystal violet stain
[D] periplasmic space that traps the crystal violet
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [multiple layer of peptidoglycan that helps to retain the crystal violet stain]
Notes:
Multiple layer of peptidoglycan that helps to retain the crystal violet stain is happens in Gram-positive cells. Gram-positive organisms have a thicker peptidoglycan cell wall than Gram-negative bacteria.
18. Cycas, pinus, Thuja, Cedrus, Abies, Larix are some of the examples of __?
[A] gymnosperms
[B] Phaeophytes
[C] Bryophytes
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [gymnosperms]
Notes:
Cycas, pinus, Thuja, Cedrus, Abies, Larix are some of the examples of gymnosperms.
19. Which of the following pigments gives the yellow colour to leaves, fruits and flowers?
[A] Chlorophyll
[B] Haemoglobin
[C] Anthocyanin
[D] Xanthophyll
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Xanthophyll]
Notes:
Xanthophyll is the pigment that provides yellow color to leaves, fruits, and flowers. Here Xanthos stands for yellow, phyllon means leaf.
20. Which of the following stimulates by gibberellin hormone?
[A] shoot elongation
[B] seed germination
[C] fruit and flower maturation
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
Gibberellins hormones stimulate shoot elongation, seed germination, and fruit and flower maturation.
