11. What do we call the drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function?
[A] agonists
[B] antagonists
[C] antibiotics
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [ antagonists]
Notes:
Drugs that bind to receptor sites and inhibit their natural function are called antagonists. These drugs are useful when a message needs to be blocked.
Antagonists bind to receptors but do not activate them. They compete with available agonists for receptor binding sites. Antagonists block the access or attachment of the body’s natural agonists, usually neurotransmitters, to their receptors. This prevents or reduces cell responses to natural agonists.
Antagonists still cause a response, but this is through blocking the actions of agonists.
Agonist and antagonist drugs can be used together in people with asthma. For example, albuterol can be used with ipratropium.
12. Root hair in plants are produced from which of the following?
[A] cortex
[B] pericycle
[C] epidermis
[D] endodermis
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [epidermis]
Notes:
Cells of the epidermis produce root hairs near the root apex. These cells are generally thin-walled, in contrast to the cells of the cortex, lying below the surface, which ultimately may become very thick-walled. The root hairs have fundamental importance in absorption of water and nutrients.
13. Which among the following acts as a resistance against disease in the body? (UPSC Prelims 1982)
[A] Vitamins
[B] Carbohydrates
[C] Red Corpuscles
[D] White Corpuscles
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [White Corpuscles]
Notes:
White blood cells help you fight infection. When one gets sick, white blood cell count is higher than normal. This is because your body is releasing more of these cells to fight the infection.
14. Which of the following is not immunized by the Triple Antigen? (UPSC Prelims 1984)
[A] Diphtheria
[B] Tetanus
[C] Typhoid
[D] Whooping cough
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Typhoid]
Notes:
Triple antigen is a combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough), in which the pertussis component is acellular. This is in contrast to whole-cell, inactivated DTP. The acellular vaccine uses selected antigens of the pertussis pathogen to induce immunity.
15. It has been observed that after-effects of low temperature treatment are helpful in promoting the flowering in certain plants. Through this the vegetative period of plant becomes short and early flowering takes place. Which of the following is the name given to the phenomenon? (UPSC Prelims 1992)
[A] Photoperiodism
[B] Floreignation
[C] Vernalisation
[D] Heliotropism
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Vernalisation]
Notes:
Vernalization is the induction of a plant’s flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter, or by an artificial equivalent. After vernalization, plants have acquired the ability to flower, but they may require additional seasonal cues or weeks of growth before they will actually flower.
16. Which branch of biology is known for the study of fruits?
[A] Pomology
[B] Agronomy
[C] Floriculture
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Pomology]
Notes:
Pomology is a branch of botany that studies fruit and its cultivation.
17. Which of the following studies deals with muscles?
[A] Sarcology
[B] Syndesmology
[C] Tectology
[D] Kinesiology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Sarcology]
Notes:
The definition of sarcology is the study or treatment of the fleshly parts of the body.
18. In the branch of biology which of the following deals with the Study of kidney?
[A] Nephrology
[B] Neurology
[C] Neonatology
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Nephrology]
Notes:
Nephrology is a specialty of adult internal medicine and pediatrics that deals with the study of the kidneys, particularly normal kidney function (kidney physiology) and kidney disease.
19. Which of the following is hemoglobin?
[A] Primary structure
[B] Secondary structure
[C] Tertiary structure
[D] Quaternary structure
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Quaternary structure]
Notes:
Hemoglobin has a quaternary structure. It consists of two pairs of separate proteins, designated α and β chains.
20. Which of the following bacteria spreads Plague?
[A] Salmonella
[B] Campylobacter
[C] E. coli & Shigella
[D] Yersinia pestis
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Yersinia pestis]
Notes:
Plague is a disease affecting humans and other mammals that is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Humans commonly get plague after being bitten by a rodent flea that carries the plague bacterium.
