11. Which of the following glands control temperature in human beings? (UPSC Prelims 1987)
[A] Pituitary gland
[B] Thyroid gland
[C] Hypothalamus gland
[D] Adrenal gland
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Hypothalamus gland]
Notes:
The hypothalamus in the brain controls body temperature by regulating heat production and loss:
Temperature comparison: The hypothalamus compares the body’s current temperature to the normal temperature of around 37°C.
Heat production: If the body is too cold, the hypothalamus triggers heat production.
Heat loss: If the body is too hot, the hypothalamus triggers heat loss, such as sweating or giving off heat.
12. Which among the following is the name given to the ductless and secretory glands in the human body? (UPSC Prelims 1997)
[A] Endocrine glands
[B] Exocrine glands
[C] Salivary glands
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Endocrine glands]
Notes:
Ductless glands which are also known as internally secreting glands or endocrine glands secrete their products or hormones directly into the blood stream in response to instructions from the brain.
13. What term is used for a gene that exhibits multiple effects?
[A] Pleiotropism
[B] Multitropism
[C] Complementary
[D] Allele
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Pleiotropism]
Notes:
Pleiotropism describes the genetic effect of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits. A classic example of pleiotropy is phenylketonuria, a human disease that affects multiple systems but is caused by one gene defect. The underlying mechanism is that the gene codes for a product that is, for example, used by various cells, or has a signaling function on various targets.
14. Which among the following is the longest bone in human body?
[A] Stapes
[B] Femur
[C] Pelvis
[D] Sternum
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Femur]
Notes:
Femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It is also called as the thigh bone.
15. Which of the following branch of biology deals with management of farms and the science of crop production?
[A] Agrostology
[B] Agaronomy
[C] Agroinformatics
[D] Agronomy
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Agronomy]
Notes:
Agronomy is the branch of biology that deals with the management of farms and the science of crop production.
16. The study of ear, nose and throat is done in which of the following branches?
[A] Otorhinolaryngology
[B] Organology
[C] Ontogeny
[D] Ophthalmology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Otorhinolaryngology]
Notes:
Otorhinolaryngology is a medical specialty that focuses on the ear, nose, and throat.
17. Where are glycolipids located in the plasma membrane?
[A] Inner leaflet of the plasma membrane
[B] The outer leaflet of the plasma membrane
[C] evenly distributed in inner and outer leaflets
[D] It varies by cell type
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [The outer leaflet of the plasma membrane]
Notes:
Glycolipids are found in the outermost leaflet of the plasma membrane, their carbohydrate portions visible on the cell surface.
18. The cell wall of Spirogyra contains__?
[A] Cellulose
[B] Chitin
[C] Lignin
[D] Suberin
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Chitin]
Notes:
Chitin is used to build the cell wall. Each cell of Spirogyra is surrounded by a two-layered cell wall.
19. Which of the following is a common feature of protonema of multicellular fungi, filamentous algae, and mosses?
[A] way of nutrition
[B] diplomatic life cycle
[C] multiply by fragmentation
[D] members of the plant kingdom
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [multiply by fragmentation]
Notes:
The protonema of multicellular fungi, filamentous algae and mosses all show multiplication by fragmentation.
20. Which of the following performs an important function of flowers?
[A] They help in the process of reproduction
[B] They produce diaspores without fertilization
[C] The gametophytes develop inside the flower
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
Flowers perform the following important functions: they help in the process of reproduction, they produce diaspores without fertilization, gametophytes develop inside the flower, flowers attract insects and birds which then transfer pollen from one’s anther act as a medium to Flowers till the stigma of another flower, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit that contains the seed.
