11. Which of the following is the name given to the cellular and molecular control of programmed cell death? (UPSC Prelims 2001)
[A] Apoptosis
[B] Ageing
[C] Degeneration
[D] Necrosis
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Apoptosis]
Notes:
• Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis occurs during normal cell turnover, development and in immune system.
• Ageing is the accumulation of changes.
• Degeneration is the deterioration of a tissue or an organ in which its function is diminished or its structure impaired.
• Necrosis is the disorganized break down of flesh in some part of the body of multicellular organism.
12. Which among the following are female sex harmones?
[A] Estrogen
[B] Progesterone
[C] Testosterone
[D] Both a and b
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Both a and b]
Notes:
Estrogen and progesterone are the female sex harmones. Estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone supports during pregnancy and controls the menstrual cycles in women.
13. Pollination by which among the following is called as ornithophily?
[A] Rodents
[B] Aquatic animals
[C] Ants
[D] Birds
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Birds]
Notes:
Ornithophily refers to the pollination assisted by the birds. Ornithology is a branch of science which studies about birds. Dr. Salim Ali is a famous Indian ornithologist.
14. The lysogenic state is controlled by the activity of the regulatory region of the lambda phage genome, this region is called?
[A] immunity repressor
[B] immunity operon
[C] operon repressor
[D] none of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [immunity operon]
Notes:
The lysogenic state is controlled by the activity of the regulatory region of the lambda phage genome, this region is called immunity operon.
15. Chromatophores participate in which of the following processes?
[A] Photosynthesis
[B] respiration
[C] Development
[D] Speed
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Photosynthesis]
Notes:
Chromatophores are one of the members of phototrophic bacteria. They contain bacteriochlorophyll pigments and carotenoids and participate in photosynthesis.
16. Which of the following materials are acted upon by putrefying bacteria?
[A] Fat
[B] Protein
[C] Carbohydrate
[D] Vitamins
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Protein]
Notes:
The primary energy source for putrefying bacteria, also known as decay bacteria, is Protein. While they can break down diverse types of biological material, they primarily act on proteins due to their constituent amino acids, which provide an ideal nutrient source. Their interaction with proteins results in decay and decomposition, a critical part of the biogeochemical cycle in nature.
17. Which of the following do you consider the best evidence to show that the two species of algae are closely related.
[A] They both respire and release CO2
[B] They both are found in the same habitat
[C] They both reproduce asexually
[D] They both have same type of pigments
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [They both have same type of pigments]
Notes:
The best evidence to show that the two species of algae are closely related is – They both have same type of pigments.
18. Which is a plant hormone that is commonly found in the gaseous state?
[A] ethylene
[B] etain
[C] argon
[D] none of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [ethylene]
Notes:
Ethylene is a plant hormone that is commonly found in the gaseous state. Ethylene is associated with fruit ripening, flower wilting, and leaf drop.
19. Late blight of tomato is caused by __.
[A] Phytophthora cactorum
[B] Phytophthora cambivora
[C] Phytophthora infestan
[D] Phytophthora citrophthora
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Phytophthora infestan]
Notes:
Tomato late blight is caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Late blight can occur at any time during the growing season when the weather is cool and wet.
20. What is the real name for a mudpuppy?
[A] Salamandridae
[B] Amphiumidae
[C] Sirenida
[D] Necturidae
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Necturidae]
Notes:
Necturidae is the real name for a mudpuppy. The Mudpuppy is a large aquatic salamander.
