Biology MCQs

Notes:
The beak, bill or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds that is used for eating and for preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, etc. All beaks are composed of two jaws, generally known as the upper mandible (or maxilla) and lower mandible (or mandible).

Notes:
Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today’s turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology

Notes:
Xylem is a type of tissue in vascular plants that transports water and some nutrients from the roots to the leaves. Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem. The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem.

Notes:
Protozoa is an informal term for single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris. For example: Amoeba, malarial parasites and typhoid bacillus etc.

Notes:
By the age of two, the rennin and lactase enzymes start disappearing. However, these enzymes completely disappear by the age of eight in humans. After, this the stomach of person becomes mature enough to produce pepsin to digest the food.

Notes:
Fructose comprises the major portion of honey – about 82%. The carbohydrates present are the monosaccharides fructose (38.2%) and glucose (31%); and disaccharides (~9%) sucrose, maltose, isomaltose, maltulose, turanose and kojibiose.

Notes:
• Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis occurs during normal cell turnover, development and in immune system.
• Ageing is the accumulation of changes.
• Degeneration is the deterioration of a tissue or an organ in which its function is diminished or its structure impaired.
• Necrosis is the disorganized break down of flesh in some part of the body of multicellular organism.

Notes:
Pteridophyte is a type of vascular plant, which spreads spores. Pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as “cryptogams”.

Notes:
Chloroplasts are present in the cells of all green tissues of plants and algae. Chloroplasts are also found in photosynthetic tissues that do not appear green.

Notes:
Viral nucleocapsid is a combination of genome and capsid. A virus is made up of a DNA or RNA genome inside a protein shell called a capsid.