11. To which organ of the body is the disease ‘Glaucoma’ related to?
[A] Ear
[B] Heart
[C] Bones
[D] Eye
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Eye]
Notes:
Glaucoma is an eye disease that is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure, in which damage to the eye (optic) nerve can lead to loss of vision and even blindness.
12. What is study of fungus Known as?
[A] Mycology
[B] Phrenology
[C] Physiology
[D] Biology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Mycology]
Notes:
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection.
13. Which of the following can be checked by doctors with the help of Pulse reading? (UPSC Prelims 1979).
[A] Temperature
[B] Heart beat
[C] Blood pressure
[D] Respiration rate
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Heart beat]
Notes:
Pulse rate is the number of heart beats per minute. The resting pulse rate for an average adult is between 60 and 80 beats per minute. It can go up to 130–150 beats per minute when you’re exercising because the body needs more oxygen. The study of the pulse is known as sphygmology.
14. In which of the following diseases Sex chromosomes transmit? (UPSC Prelims 1985)
[A] Myopia
[B] Colour blindness
[C] Longsightedness
[D] Night blindness
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Colour blindness]
Notes:
It is sex-linked that genetic red-green color blindness affects males much more often than females, because the genes for the red and green color receptors are located on the X chromosome, of which males have only one and females have two.
15. Which of the following is the name given to the population of cells derived from a single parent cell? (UPSC Prelims 1989)
[A] Haploid
[B] Diploid
[C] Symmetrical cell
[D] Clone
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Clone]
Notes:
Under suitable conditions, a single cell grows into a colony of cells on agar medium. The resulting population of genetically identical cells derived from a single parent cell is called a clone.
16. Which of the following define Biofilms? (UPSC Prelims 1993)
[A] Colour films used by biologists to photograph living organisms
[B] photomicrographs of microorganisms from various habitats
[C] accumulations of microorganisms at surfaces such as those of a rock, a tooth or an oil droplet
[D] photographic films made through fermentation processes of certain industrial microorganisms
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [accumulations of microorganisms at surfaces such as those of a rock, a tooth or an oil droplet]
Notes:
A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances. Microorganisms that form biofilms include bacteria, fungi and protists. One common example of a biofilm dental plaque, a slimy buildup of bacteria that forms on the surfaces of teeth.
17. Which one of the following statements regarding starch and cellulose is not correct? (UPSC Prelims 1998)
[A] Both of them are of plant origin
[B] Both of them are polymers
[C] Both of them give colour with iodine
[D] Both of them are made up of glucose molecules
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both of them give colour with iodine]
Notes:
Starch and cellulose both are plant origin. Starch deposits in plant cells, whereas cellulose is most important constituent of plant cell wall. Both starch and cellulose are polymers. Starch is branched polymer of α – D – glucose unit linked by α – 1, 4 glycosidic bond. Cellulose is a linear polymer of β – D – glucose unit. Glucose molecules are present in both starch and cellulose. Amylose in starch is responsible for the formation of deep blue colour in the presence of iodine but cellulose does not give any colour at the treatment with iodine, because amylose is absent in cellulose.
18. Which one of the following statements is not correct? (UPSC Prelims 2002)
[A] All echinoderms are viviparous
[B] Round worm has no circulatory system
[C] In bony fishes, swim bladder is usually present
[D] In cartilaginous fishes, fertilisation is internal
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [All echinoderms are viviparous]
Notes:
Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or “stone lilies”.
The sexes are separate except few echinoderm species. There is no sexual dimorphism. Fertilization is external and few forms are viviparous.
19. Which vitamin is also called as “Folic acid”?
[A] Vitamin B3
[B] Vitamin B6
[C] Vitamin B9
[D] Vitamin B12
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Vitamin B9]
Notes:
Vitamin B9 is also called as the folic acid. Folic acid is converted into folate in the human body. Folate is essential for making DNA and RNA.
Extra info: Folic acid /B9 is recommended to the pregnants to reduce the risk of Neural Tube Defects in the foetus.
20. The name of Theodor Schwann is associated with the discovery of which of the following?
[A] enzyme pepsin
[B] glial cells in nerves
[C] microorganisms play in alcohol fermentation
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
Schwann discovered the enzyme pepsin and discovered glial cells in nerves – these are now known as Schwann cells. He also identified the role of microorganisms in alcohol fermentation.
