11. Which one of the following is the sweetest natural sugar ?
[A] Lactose
[B] Glucose
[C] Sucrose
[D] Fructose
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Fructose]
Notes:
Fructose, or fruit sugar, is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose. It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed directly into blood during digestion.
12. Where in the human body is the stapedius muscle situated?
[A] Nose
[B] Ears
[C] Leg
[D] Eyes
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Ears]
Notes:
The stapedius muscle is the smallest skeletal muscle in the entire body that is located in the middle ear. Specifically, the stapedius muscle originates from a cone-shaped structure in the tympanic cavity of each ear and then extends to the stapes bone.
13. Which of the following correctly defines an Antigen? (UPSC Prelims 2002)
[A] Lowers body temperature
[B] destroys harmful bacteria
[C] triggers the immune system
[D] is used as an antidote to poison
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [triggers the immune system]
Notes:
An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. An antigen may be a substance from the environment, such as chemicals, bacteria, viruses, or pollen. An antigen may also form inside the body.
14. Which among the following are female sex harmones?
[A] Estrogen
[B] Progesterone
[C] Testosterone
[D] Both a and b
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Both a and b]
Notes:
Estrogen and progesterone are the female sex harmones. Estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone supports during pregnancy and controls the menstrual cycles in women.
15. In the branch of biology which of the following deals with the Study of kidney?
[A] Nephrology
[B] Neurology
[C] Neonatology
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Nephrology]
Notes:
Nephrology is a specialty of adult internal medicine and pediatrics that deals with the study of the kidneys, particularly normal kidney function (kidney physiology) and kidney disease.
16. Which of the following biologist is related to Cell Theory?
[A] Carl Linnaeus
[B] Theophrastus
[C] Theodor Schwann
[D] Francis Galton
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Theodor Schwann]
Notes:
The classical cell theory was proposed by Theodor Schwann in 1839. There are three parts to this theory. The first part states that all organisms are made up of cells. The second part states that cells are the basic units of life. The third part, which claims that cells come from pre-existing cells that have multiplied, was described by Rudolf Virchow in 1858.
17. The theory of DNA structure and nature was propounded by __?
[A] Oswald Avery
[B] James Black
[C] Watson and Crick
[D] John Eccles
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Watson and Crick]
Notes:
Watson and Crick realized that DNA was made up of two chains of nucleotide pairs that encode the genetic information for all living things.
18. Which of the following statements about the cell wall is false?
[A] cell wall is mainly composed of lipid
[B] cell wall is mainly composed of starch
[C] cell wall is mainly composed of protein
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
The cell wall is a structural layer surrounding cells, just outside the cell membrane. It can be hard, flexible and rigid.
19. Which one of the following is an example of a phospholipid?
[A] Steroid
[B] Cholesterol
[C] Lecithin
[D] Sterol
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Lecithin]
Notes:
Lecithin is a mixture of brown and yellow colored phospholipids that contain glycerol. It also acts as an emulsifier in many types of food.
20. The cell wall of Spirogyra contains__?
[A] Cellulose
[B] Chitin
[C] Lignin
[D] Suberin
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Chitin]
Notes:
Chitin is used to build the cell wall. Each cell of Spirogyra is surrounded by a two-layered cell wall.
