11. Auxiliary bud develops into which of the following parts of the plant?
[A] Fruit
[B] Leaf
[C] Roots
[D] Branch
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Branch]
Notes:
The axillary bud is a bud that develops in the axil of a leaf of a plant (synonymous with lateral bud). Axillary buds develop from the nodes which then becomes a new stem.
12. Synapse gap is present between which of the following?
[A] Brain and Spinal cord
[B] Two eyes
[C] Two Kidneys
[D] Two neurons
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Two neurons]
Notes:
Information from one neuron flows to another neuron across a synapse. The synapse contains a small gap separating neurons. The synapse consists of: a presynaptic ending that contains neurotransmitters, mitochondria and other cell organelles.
13. RBCs are formed in which of the following in the adults?
[A] black bone marrow
[B] white bone marrow
[C] red bone marrow
[D] blue bone marrow
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [red bone marrow]
Notes:
There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow (also known as myeloid tissue) and yellow marrow. Red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells arise in red marrow; some white blood cells develop in yellow marrow.
14. Which of the following is the later (Second) formed primary xylem elements?
[A] Xylem fibres
[B] Metaxylem
[C] Xylem parenchyma
[D] Protoxylem
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Metaxylem]
Notes:
Metaxylem is the part of the primary xylem that differentiates after the protoxylem and that is distinguished typically by broader tracheids and vessels with pitted or reticulate walls.
15. Which of the following can be said as the “Theory of Darwin”? (UPSC Prelims 1979).
[A] Survival of the fittest and struggle for existence
[B] Weak and strong always maintain a fixed proportion
[C] Different species do not arise by genetic mutation
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Survival of the fittest and struggle for existence]
Notes:
Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin. All species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
Darwin’s evolutionary theory of natural selection gave a more rational explanation of the formation of new species. As per natural selection, various species originated from a single species as a result of adaptation to the changing environment.
Natural selection takes place in four different ways as follows:
• Variation – The changes accumulated over a period of time in an organism usually gives rise to a new species.
• Inheritance – It is the passing on of the variations over generations which ultimately lead to speciation.
• A high rate of growth of population – This gives rise to more number of organisms being reproduced by a species than the environment can support which might lead to the extinction of that particular species.
• Differential survival and reproduction – The superior variations lead to survival of a particular organism and the inferior or negative variation leads to extinction. The superior variations are the ones inherited during reproduction.
16. Which of the following functions is not performed by Vitamins in the body? (UPSC Prelims 1982)
[A] They act as a source of energy
[B] The act as stimulant in the growth of the body
[C] They act as agent in regulating the chemical processes in the body metabolism
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [They act as a source of energy]
Notes:
Vitamins are considered essential nutrients because they perform hundreds of roles in the body. They help shore up bones, heal wounds, and bolster your immune system. They also convert food into energy, and repair cellular damage. They do not act as a source of energy.
17. Which of the following belongs to the Hypochondria? (UPSC Prelims 1983)
[A] Disease of eyes
[B] Disease of sexual organs
[C] Disease of low blood pressure
[D] State of morbid anxiety about one’s own health, with complaint of imaginary disorders
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [State of morbid anxiety about one’s own health, with complaint of imaginary disorders]
Notes:
Hypochondria symptoms include a long-term and intense fear of having a serious condition and worry that minor symptoms indicate something serious. A person may frequently visit or switch doctors.
18. Which of the following statements are correct about Golgi bodies?
[A] Camillo Golgi discovered the Golgi apparatus.
[B] found in the eukaryotic cells
[C] It is a sac-like organelle
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
Camillo Golgi discovered Golgi bodies in 1898. Golgi bodies are found in eukaryotic cells and are involved in the packaging of protein and lipid molecules.
19. Which of the following is involved in the synthesis of phospholipids?
[A] Mitochondria
[B] Cytoplasm
[C] Endoplasmic Reticulum
[D] Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum]
Notes:
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum serves as part of many metabolic processes. It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids on the plasma membrane and steroids.
20. What is a nucleotide made of?
[A] purine, pyrimidine and phosphate
purine, pyrimidine and phosphate
[B] purine, sugar and phosphate
[C] nitrogen base, sugar and phosphate
[D] pyrimidine, sugar and phosphate.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [purine, sugar and phosphate]
Notes:
Nucleotide is an organic compound. It is a nitrogenous purine or pyrimidine base attached to a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) and a phosphate group.
