11. Haemoglobin is an important component of which of the following?
[A] Red blood cells
[B] White blood cells
[C] Plasma
[D] All options are correct
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Red blood cells]
Notes:
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of almost all vertebrates as well as the tissues of some invertebrates. Haemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the lungs or gills to the rest of the body.
12. Triple Antigen IPV immunizes against three diseases. Which of the following is not immunized by ‘Triple Antigen’? (UPSC Prelims 1979).
[A] Typhoid
[B] Whooping cough
[C] Tetanus
[D] Diphtheria
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Typhoid]
Notes:
DPT is a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus and killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis. Diptheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection typically affecting the throat and tonsils with the formation of a thick grey membrane over those areas. Tetanus is bacteria which lives in soil and contaminates wounds, where it produces a powerful toxin, the toxin attacks the nervous system causing increasing muscle spasm and rigidity. Whooping Cough is one of the most contagious bacterial infections known. Beginning with a runny nose and sore throat, it progresses to a severe spasmodic cough which persists for around 3 months.
13. Which among the following is the characteristic feature of virus? (UPSC Prelims 1989)
[A] It is made of fats
[B] It multiplies only on dead animals
[C] It multiplies only on hosts
[D] It lacks chlorophyll
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [It multiplies only on hosts]
Notes:
They are unique because they are only alive and able to multiply inside the cells of other living things. The cell they multiply in is called the host cell. A virus is made up of a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protective coat called a capsid which is made up of protein.
14. Which among the following vitamins is absent in an egg?
[A] Vitamin D
[B] Vitamin C
[C] Vitamin A
[D] Vitamin K
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Vitamin C]
Notes:
Egg is devoid of vitamin C. Egg contains all the vitamins barring vitamin C.
Extra info: Egg yolk is one of the few foods which contains vitamin D.
15. Where is eustachian tube present in the human body?
[A] Heart
[B] Lungs
[C] Ear
[D] Small Intestine
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Ear]
Notes:
Eustachian tube connects the middle ear and nasopharynx. This tube controls the pressure inside the ear and makes it equal to the pressure outside the body.
16. What is Georgios Papanikolaou famous for?
[A] As an inventor of Odometer
[B] As an inventor of Pointed arch bridge
[C] As an inventor of Counterweight Trebuchet
[D] As an inventor of Pap smear test
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [As an inventor of Pap smear test]
Notes:
Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou or George Papanicolaou was a Greek physician who was a pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection, and inventor of the “Pap smear test”.
17. Which of the following organelles is absent in animal cells and present in plant cells?
[A] Cytoplasm
[B] Cell wall
[C] Vacuoles
[D] Mitochondria
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Cell wall]
Notes:
The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells. The cell wall is a fairly rigid layer that surrounds a cell located outside the plasma membrane.
18. Which of the following structures is responsible for the motility of bacteria?
[A] pilli
[B] flagella
[C] sheath
[D] capsules
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [flagella]
Notes:
Flagella is responsible for the motility of bacteria. The flagellum is primarily a motility organ. This enables movement and chemotaxis.
19. The cytoplasmic membrane of which of the following organisms contains sterols?
[A] Clostridum
[B] Proteus
[C] Mycoplasma
[D] Bacillius
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Mycoplasma]
Notes:
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that do not have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane.
20. Which of the following may be most likely to be missing from a gram-positive bacterium?
[A] Penicillin-binding protein
[B] Peptidoglycan
[C] Lipopolysaccharide
[D] Phospholipid bilayer membrane
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Lipopolysaccharide]
Notes:
Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by a thin peptidoglycan cell wall. It itself is surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides.
