11. What is study of fungus Known as?
[A] Mycology
[B] Phrenology
[C] Physiology
[D] Biology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Mycology]
Notes:
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection.
12. Which of the following is the function of the liver? (UPSC Prelims 1979).
[A] Promote digestion of food
[B] Promote respiration
[C] Store glucose as glucogen
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Store glucose as glucogen]
Notes:
The liver’s main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. The primary functions of the liver are:
• Bile production and excretion
• Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, and drugs
• Metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
• Enzyme activation
• Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals
• Synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin, and clotting factors
13. Which of the following secrete the hormones necessary for the development of the human body? (UPSC Prelims 1983)
[A] Thyroid gland
[B] Pituatory gland
[C] Parathyroid gland
[D] Exocrine gland
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Pituatory gland]
Notes:
The pituitary gland is a small pea-sized gland that plays a major role in regulating vital body functions and general wellbeing. Through secretion of its hormones, the pituitary gland controls metabolism, growth, sexual maturation, reproduction, blood pressure and many other vital physical functions and processes.
14. What is the tissue culture? (UPSC Prelims 1985)
[A] Preparation of fragments of the cells of organism for biochemical examination
[B] Japanese culture
[C] Name given to a special type of surgery
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Preparation of fragments of the cells of organism for biochemical examination]
Notes:
Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the organism. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants.
15. Which of the following represent Dinosaurs? (UPSC Prelims 1989)
[A] A reptile
[B] An amphibian
[C] A mammal
[D] A bird
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [A reptile]
Notes:
Dinosaurs were warm-blooded reptiles. Mammal bone study sheds light on dinosaur physiology.
16. Consider the following statements regarding bones in the human body:
- They consist of 80% solid matter and20% water.
- Solid matter in the bones is made mainly of cartilage.
- Impregnation of salts including carbonates and phosphates of lime imparts hardness to the bones.
- In old age, the proportion of lime decreases and bones become brittle and break easily.
Of these statements: (UPSC Prelims 1990)
[A] 1,2 and 3 are correct
[B] 2 and 4 are correct
[C] 2 and 3 are correct
[D] 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct]
Notes:
All of them are correct.
Bones consist of living cells embedded in a mineralized organic matrix. This matrix consists of organic components, mainly type I collagen – “organic” referring to materials produced as a result of the human body – and inorganic components, primarily hydroxyapatite and other salts of calcium and phosphate.
17. Which among the following organs secrete bile juice?
[A] Liver
[B] Pancreas
[C] Stomach
[D] Large intestine
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Liver]
Notes:
Bile is a digestive juice secreted by the liver and it aids in the digestion of food. Many waste products are eliminated from the body through bile.
18. Which among the following are female sex harmones?
[A] Estrogen
[B] Progesterone
[C] Testosterone
[D] Both a and b
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Both a and b]
Notes:
Estrogen and progesterone are the female sex harmones. Estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone supports during pregnancy and controls the menstrual cycles in women.
19. What was “Albert Szent-Gyorgyi” famous for?
[A] As a Hungarian biochemist
[B] As a Hungarian physicist
[C] As a Hungarian mathematician
[D] As a Hungarian novelist
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [As a Hungarian biochemist ]
Notes:
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi was a Hungarian biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. He is credited with first isolating vitamin C and discovering the components and reactions of the citric acid cycle. He was also active in the Hungarian Resistance during World War II and entered Hungarian politics after the war.
20. Which of the following branch of biology deals with the study of Cartilage?
[A] Chondrology
[B] Chromatology
[C] Cnidology
[D] Conchology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Chondrology]
Notes:
Chondrology is the branch of anatomy that deals with cartilage.
