11. In human body, where do you find the Cone cells and Rod cells?
[A] Retina of the eye
[B] Gallbladder
[C] Esophagus
[D] Villi in the small intestine
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [ Retina of the eye]
Notes:
Cone cells and Cone cells are one of three types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye. They are responsible for color vision and function best in relatively bright light, as opposed to rod cells, which work better in dim light.
12. Which organ of the body produces the fluid known as bile?
[A] Liver
[B] Pancreas
[C] Gall bladder
[D] Kidney
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Liver]
Notes:
Liver produces a digestive fluid known as bile. Liver release bile into Gall bladder, a small, pear shaped organ located just below your liver in the upper right side of your abdomen.
13. Who among the following has given the theory of evolution of species by natural selection?
[A] Mendel
[B] Darwin
[C] Dalton
[D] Morgan
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Darwin]
Notes:
Charles Robert Darwin gave the theory of evolution in his book “The Origin of Species”. The theory proposed by him is known as “The Theory of Natural Selection”.
14. Considering only the ABO system, which blood group is known as the universal red-cell donor? (UPSC Prelims 1982)
[A] A
[B] B
[C] O
[D] AB
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [O]
Notes:
Group O red cells have neither A nor B antigens. With the Rh factor also considered, O-negative red cells are usually described as universal donor red cells. This does not make every blood component universally compatible, and compatibility testing remains important. Editorial note: Wording or facts updated for accuracy.
15. In the usual human XX/XY pattern, the chromosomal sex of a child is determined by which of the following? (UPSC Prelims 1984)
[A] Whether the father’s fertilising sperm carries X or Y
[B] Chromosomes of mother
[C] Rh factor of parents
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Whether the father’s fertilising sperm carries X or Y]
Notes:
In the usual XX/XY pattern, the egg contributes an X chromosome while the sperm contributes X or Y. The sperm therefore determines whether the resulting combination is XX or XY. This describes the usual chromosomal mechanism, not every variation of sex development.
16. Why there are more anti-bacterial drugs than anti-viral drugs? (UPSC Prelims 1989)
[A] Bacterial diseases are intra-cellular
[B] Viral diseases are intra-cellular
[C] Virus is smaller than bacteria
[D] Drugs can penetrate bacteria more effectively
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Viral diseases are intra-cellular]
Notes:
Viruses replicate inside host cells and use much of the host’s cellular machinery. This makes it harder to block viral replication without damaging host cells. Bacteria possess more independent structures and processes, such as cell walls and bacterial ribosomes, that drugs can selectively target.
17. Guinea pigs used in medical research belong to which of the following categories? (UPSC Prelims 1989)
[A] Rodents
[B] Black swine
[C] Stocky and brown in colour
[D] Found in Asia only
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Rodents]
Notes:
The guinea pig or domestic guinea pig also known as cavy or domestic cavy, is a species of rodent belonging to the family Caviidae and the genus Cavia.
18. Which option gives the most complete list of micro-organism groups with important industrial applications? (UPSC Prelims 1998)
[A] Bacteria
[B] Bacteria and fungi
[C] Bacteria and algae
[D] Bacteria, micro-algae and fungi
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Bacteria, micro-algae and fungi]
Notes:
Bacteria, fungi and microalgae all have industrial uses, including fermentation, enzymes, medicines, food ingredients and biomass products. The question asks which groups are used, not which is quantitatively the most widely used.
19. What field in which “Luc Montagnier” is famous for?
[A] Discovery of Ebola Virus
[B] Discovery of Influenza Virus
[C] Discovery of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
[D] Discovery of Polio Virus
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Discovery of Human Immunodeficiency Virus]
Notes:
Luc Antoine Montagnier (born 18 August 1932) is a French virologist and joint recipient, with Françoise Barre-Sinoussi and Harald Zur Hausen, of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). He has worked as a researcher at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and as a full-time professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China.
20. Which is the largest phylum of Animalia?
[A] Arthropoda
[B] Annelida
[C] Moluska
[D] Aves
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Arthropoda]
Notes:
Arthropoda is the largest phylum of animals. In Arthropoda we study in detail about insects.
