11. Which solution makes a cell turgid?
[A] Hypotonic solution
[B] Isotonic solution
[C] Hypertonic solution
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Hypotonic solution]
Notes:
When the plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it takes up water by osmosis and starts to swell, but the cell wall prevents it from bursting. The plant cell is said to have become “turgid” i.e. swollen and hard.
12. What is the role of Pneumatophores?
[A] Protect plant from animals
[B] Supports plant in standing upright
[C] Get oxygen for respiration
[D] Helps plant for pollination
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Get oxygen for respiration]
Notes:
Pneumatophores are specialized root structures that grow out from the water surface and facilitate the aeration necessary for root respiration in hydrophytic trees such as many mangrove species.
13. Rickets is caused due to the deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
[A] Vitamin A
[B] Vitamin D
[C] Vitamin C
[D] Low intake of proteins
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Vitamin D]
Notes:
Rickets is a skeletal disorder that’s caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. These nutrients are important for the development of strong, healthy bones. People with rickets may have weak and soft bones, stunted growth, and, in severe cases, skeletal deformities.
14. Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the following statements?
A well balanced nutritious diet is essential for good athletes. This means (UPSC Prelims 1986)
[A] Bad athletes are having under-nutritious food
[B] Well-balanced diet produces good athletes
[C] Athletes should take nutritious food
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Athletes should take nutritious food]
Notes:
Physical health is crucial for athletes and so is nutrition. We must take special care to get enough of the calories, vitamins. The amount of food you need depends on your age, height, weight, and sport or activity level. To keep their bodies performing optimally, endurance athletes should be familiar with these 10 important nutrients. The first seven essential supplements are the minerals calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, selenium, sodium and zinc. Their benefits range from keeping bones strong to minimizing fatigue.
15. Consider the following effects of genetic engineering:
- Disease resistance
- Growth promotion
- Closing
- Longevity
Of these effects, those that have be entried out with a certain amount of success include (UPSC Prelims 1990)
[A] 1, 3 and 4
[B] 2, 3 and 4
[C] 1, 2 and 4
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 and 3]
Notes:
Genetic engineering can have effects on many things but till now the scientists have not found any way to increase longevity by genetic engineering.
16. Which among the following is responsible for the red colour of blood?
[A] Haemoglobin
[B] Platelets
[C] Plasma
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Haemoglobin]
Notes:
Haemoglogin pigment is responsible for the red colour of the blood. Haemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen from lungs to the tissues of the body.
17. Who is known as the ‘Father of Bacteriology’?
[A] Louis Pasteur
[B] Leeuwenhoek
[C] Robert Hooke
[D] Edward Jenner
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Louis Pasteur]
Notes:
Louis Pasteur is considered as father of Bacteriology. Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most important founders of medical microbiology. He pioneered the study of molecular heterogeneity; discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease; Initiated the process of pasteurization and developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies.
18. Who among the following first discovered the process of digestion?
[A] Nehemiah Grew
[B] William Beaumont
[C] Alister Hardy
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [William Beaumont]
Notes:
William Beaumont was a US Army surgeon who was the first to observe and study human digestion occurring in the stomach.
19. Red algae are known as__?
[A] Chlorophyceae
[B] Rhodophyceae
[C] Phaeophyceae
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Rhodophyceae]
Notes:
Rhodophyceae (red algae) are a class of seaweeds, most of which are reddish in color, with a filamentous or membranous basic shape.
20. Which of the following are present in fungal cell walls?
[A] Hemicelluloses
[B] Cellulose
[C] Chitin
[D] Pectin
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Chitin]
Notes:
Chitin is a large, structural polysaccharide made from chains of modified glucose. Chitin is found in the exoskeletons of insects, the cell walls of fungi, and certain hard structures in invertebrates and fish. In terms of abundance, chitin is second to only cellulose.
