11. Which of the following is the major component of honey? (UPSC Prelims 1997)
[A] Glucose
[B] sucrose
[C] maltose
[D] fructose
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [fructose]
Notes:
Fructose comprises the major portion of honey – about 82%. The carbohydrates present are the monosaccharides fructose (38.2%) and glucose (31%); and disaccharides (~9%) sucrose, maltose, isomaltose, maltulose, turanose and kojibiose.
12. Who is known as the father of the word ecosystem?
[A] Carl Linnaeus
[B] Pier Antonio Micheli
[C] Arthur Tansley
[D] Edwin John Butler
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Arthur Tansley]
Notes:
The term ecosystem was coined by British ecologist Arthur Tansley in 1935.
13. Who is known as father of soil science?
[A] Norman Ernest Borlaug
[B] V.V. Dokuchaev
[C] Liberty Hyde Bailey
[D] Eratosthenes
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [V.V. Dokuchaev]
Notes:
Vasily Vasil’evich Dokuchaev is the father of soil science.
14. In which of the following organisms is the nuclear membrane absent?
[A] Nostoc
[B] Volvox
[C] Agaricus
[D] Penicillium
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Nostoc]
Notes:
Nostoc, also known as star jelly, troll’s butter, witch’s butter, and witch’s jelly, is a genus of cyanobacteria. Nostoc does not have a nuclear membrane. This is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus. The genetic material in these cells is found in the cytoplasm, not enclosed within a nuclear membrane. On the contrary, Volvox, Agaricus, and Penicillium are all eukaryotic organisms, hence possess a nuclear membrane.
15. Who among the following discovered the cell wall?
[A] Robert Hooke
[B] Boveri
[C] J Rhodin
[D] Van Beneden
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Robert Hooke]
Notes:
A plant cell wall was first observed and named by Robert Hooke in 1665.
16. What type of embryo is most often used for viral assays?
[A] Mouse
[B] Rat
[C] Cat
[D] Chicken
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Chicken]
Notes:
Chicken is a type of embryo is most often used for viral assays.
17. Fungi that get their food directly from dead organic matter are called?
[A] Predators
[B] Decomposers
[C] Mutualists
[D] Parasitic fungi
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Decomposers]
Notes:
Fungi that get their food directly from dead organic matter are called Decomposers.
18. Which of the following is not a characteristic of gymnosperms?
[A] Parallel venation
[B] Perennial plants
[C] Distinct branches
[D] Xylem with vessels
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Xylem with vessels]
Notes:
The characteristics of gymnosperms: They do not produce flowers, Seeds are not formed inside a fruit, they are found in colder regions where snowfall occurs, they develop needle-like leaves, they are perennial or woody, forming trees or bushes, they are not differentiated into the ovary, style, and stigma.
19. What are the characteristics of gymnosperms?
[A] naked seeds
[B] separate female and male gametes
[C] pollination by wind, and tracheids
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above]
Notes:
The characteristics of gymnosperms are naked seeds, separate female and male gametes, pollination by wind, and tracheids.
20. Which of the following play a major role in defense responses to herbivores?
[A] Oligosaccharins
[B] Jasmonate
[C] Strigolactones
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Jasmonate]
Notes:
Jasmonates play a major role in defense responses towards herbivores. They contribute to the production of volatile compounds that attract natural enemies of predators.
