11. Which process develops new species from the existing species?
[A] Homologous
[B] Analogous
[C] Speciation
[D] Genetic variation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Speciation]
Notes:
Speciation is the formation of new species. Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within lineages.
12. Which of the following is the function of the liver? (UPSC Prelims 1979).
[A] Promote digestion of food
[B] Promote respiration
[C] Store glucose as glucogen
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Store glucose as glucogen]
Notes:
The liver’s main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. The primary functions of the liver are:
• Bile production and excretion
• Excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones, and drugs
• Metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
• Enzyme activation
• Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals
• Synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin, and clotting factors
13. At which of the following ages Rennin and lactase, disappear in the human body? (UPSC Prelims 1994)
[A] two
[B] three
[C] five
[D] eight
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [two]
Notes:
By the age of two, the rennin and lactase enzymes start disappearing. However, these enzymes completely disappear by the age of eight in humans. After, this the stomach of person becomes mature enough to produce pepsin to digest the food.
14. Which vitamin is also called as niacin?
[A] Vitamin C
[B] Vitamin B3
[C] Vitamin B12
[D] Vitamin B9
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Vitamin B3]
Notes:
Vitamin B3 is also called as niacin/Nicotinic acid with chemical formula C6H5NO2. Niacin is water soluble vitamin.
15. Francis Galton is related to which of the following science?
[A] Eugenics
[B] Microbiology
[C] Bryology
[D] Ecology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Eugenics]
Notes:
Francis Galton is related to Eugenics. Galton defined eugenics as “the study of all agencies under human control which can improve or impair the racial quality of future generations”.
16. Which of the following is the function of contractile vacuole?
[A] To carry out pinocytosis
[B] To carry out metabolic process
[C] To pump excess water out of the cell
[D] To carry out phagocytosis
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [To pump excess water out of the cell]
Notes:
Contractile vacuoles that regulate intracellular water balance by storing and expelling excess water from the cell.
17. Which of the following virus is covered?
[A] Adeno
[B] Herpes
[C] Polio
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Herpes]
Notes:
The Herpesviridae are a large family of DNA viruses. It causes infections and some diseases in animals, including humans. Members of this family are also known as herpesviruses.
18. To which plant kingdom does Wolffia belong?
[A] Angiosperms
[B] Gymnosperms
[C] Pteridophytes
[D] None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Angiosperms]
Notes:
Wolffia belong to Angiosperms. Angiosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants that have a well-differentiated plant body. The seeds of angiosperms are enclosed within the fruit.
19. Covered smut of Sorghum is caused by which of the following?
[A] Sphacelotheca sorghi
[B] Sphacelotheca cruenta
[C] Sphacelotheca reiliana
[D] Tolyposporium ehrenbergii
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Sphacelotheca sorghi]
Notes:
Sporisorium sorghi is a fungus in the family of Ustilaginaceae. It is a plant pathogen that causes the covered scum of sorghum.
20. What makes the main difference between pteridophytes and bryophytes?
[A] Spermatozoids
[B] Archegonia
[C] Separate gametophytes
[D] conducting system
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [conducting system]
Notes:
The main difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes is that the former do not have vascular tissue whereas the latter have vascular tissue.
