Daily UPSC Prelims Current Affairs – September 07, 2022 [Mock Test]

Notes:

• A black swan is a rare, unpredictable event that comes as a surprise and has a significant impact on society or the world.
• These events are said to have three distinguishing characteristics, they are extremely rare and outside the realm of regular expectations, they have a severe impact after they hit, and they seem probable in hindsight when plausible explanations appear.
• The 2008 global financial crisis, the fall of the Soviet Union, the terrorist attack in the US on September 11, 2001 are black swan events.

Notes:
Vanquita Porpoise is found exclusively in the northern Gulf of California in Mexico, making only pair 2 correct. The giant stingray referenced is native to Southeast Asia, notably Cambodia, not India. The purple frog is endemic to the Western Ghats in India and not found in Cambodia. Thus, only pair 2 is correctly matched.

Notes:

• Maria Ressa of the Philippines and Dmitry Muratov of Russia was awarded 2021 Nobel Peace Prizefor their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace.
• Mikhail Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 for his efforts to end the Cold War between the US and USSR.
• Ukraine’s Maryna Viazovska became the second woman to be awarded the Fields medal, known as the Nobel prize for mathematics.
• The 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah “for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents.”