Which Articles of the Indian Constitution may be amended by a special majority and ratified by the states?

If amendment under Article 368 (2) seeks to make any change in (a) Article 54, Article 55, Article 73, Article 162 or Article 241, or  (b) Chapter IV of Part V, Chapter V of Part VI, or Chapter I of Part XI, or (c) any of the Lists in the Seventh Schedule, or  (d) the […]

Which Articles of the Indian Constitution may be amended by a simple majority?

Different degrees of rigidity attach to different portions of the Constitution, depending on their importance and significance. Constitutional provisions of comparatively less significance can be amended by simple majority as is adopted for passing any ordinary law in the Parliament. Several Articles of the Constitution make provisions of a tentative nature, and the Parliament has […]

What guidelines have been laid down by the Supreme Court in regard to dissolution of a state assembly?

In this regard the court has laid down the following guidelines (a) presidential proclamation dissolving a state legislative assembly is subject to judicial review; (b) if a state government works against secularism, president’s rule can be imposed, (c) no wholesale dismissal of opposition ruled state governments when a new political party assumes power at the […]

What is Article 323-A of the Indian Constitution?

Article 323-A of the constitution provides for the establishment of administrative tribunals by a parliament law for the adjudication or trial of disputes and complaints relating to the recruitment and conditions of service of government servants under the central government and the state government including the employee of any local or other authority within the […]

What is the difference between the word dismissal and removal from services rules?

Dismissal and removal are synonymous term but in law they acquired technical meanings by long usage in service rules. There is however, one distinction between the dismissal and removal that is while in case of dismissal a person is debarred from future employment, but in case of removal he is not debarred from future employment.