1. Consider the following statements:
- Both Plutonism and Volcanic Eruption involve cooling of Magma
- Both Plutonism and Volcanic Eruption involve bulk chemical changes
Which among the above statements is are correct ?
[A] 1 only
[B] 2 only
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 and 2]
Notes:
Plutonism refers to the geological process of magma (molten rock) slowly cooling and solidifying beneath the Earth’s surface, forming intrusive igneous rocks such as granite. Volcanic eruptions occur when magma and ash are expelled from a volcano onto the Earth’s surface. They are caused by the release of pressure within the Earth’s mantle or crust. Plutonism and volcanic eruptions are both related to tectonic activity and can occur along plate boundaries or within the Earth’s mantle. Plutonism is a slow process that can take millions of years, while volcanic eruptions can happen suddenly and unpredictably.
2. Arrange the following applications in increasing order of the frequency of electromagnetic waves used:
- Submarine Communications
- AM Radio
- Short Wave Radio
- Radar
Which of the following is the correct order?
[A] 4 3 2 1
[B] 2 3 4 1
[C] 1 2 3 4
[D] 2 1 4 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1 2 3 4]
Notes:Submarine communications use very low frequency (VLF) waves, AM radio operates in the medium frequency (MF) band, short wave radio uses high frequency (HF) bands, and radar employs very high frequency (VHF), ultra high frequency (UHF), or microwave ranges. Thus, the order by increasing frequency is: 1 (Submarine Communications), 2 (AM Radio), 3 (Short Wave Radio), 4 (Radar).
- Submarine Communications → Very Low Frequency (VLF), around 3 – 30 kHz
- AM Radio → Medium Frequency (MF), around 530 – 1600 kHz
- Short Wave Radio → High Frequency (HF), around 3 – 30 MHz
- Radar → Microwave region, around 3 – 30 GHz
3. Consider the following statements regarding Graphene and Fullerene:
- Graphene is 2 dimensional , Fullerene is generally 3 dimensional
- Graphene is SP2 allotrope of Carbon, while Fullerene is SP3 allotrope of Carbon
- Graphene does not dissolve in petrol but fullerenes dissolve
Which among the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 1 is correct
[B] Only 2 is correct
[C] Only 3 is correct
[D] 1 & 3 are correct
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1 & 3 are correct]
Notes:
All three statements are correct regarding Graphene and Fullerene: 1. Graphene is 2-dimensional, Fullerene is generally 3-dimensional: Graphene consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, making it effectively 2D. Fullerenes, such as C60, are spherical or tubular structures, thus 3D. 2. Graphene is SP2 allotrope of Carbon, while Fullerene is SP3 allotrope of Carbon: In graphene, each carbon atom forms three sigma bonds with neighboring atoms (SP2 hybridization), while in fullerenes, carbon atoms are bonded in a way that can be considered SP3 hybridized due to their tetrahedral geometry. 3. Graphene does not dissolve in petrol but fullerenes dissolve: Graphene is hydrophobic and does not dissolve in non-polar solvents like petrol, while fullerenes can dissolve in organic solvents due to their molecular structure. Thus, the correct answer is that all statements are accurate.
4. Consider the following types of television sets for use at very high altitudes:
- LCD TV
- Plasma TV
- Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) TV
Which of the above are expected to work properly at very high altitudes?
[A] Only 1
[B] 1 and 2
[C] 1 and 3
[D] 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1 and 3]
Notes:
LCD TVs utilize liquid crystals and are unaffected by air pressure at high altitudes. Plasma TVs rely on noble gases, which can be disturbed by lower external air pressure, leading to malfunctions. CRT TVs contain vacuum tubes and do not depend on atmospheric pressure, making them suitable for use at high altitudes along with LCD TVs.
5. Consider the following factors regarding a satellite maintaining its orbital position around the Earth:
- Distance from the Earth
- Tangential speed of the satellite
- Earth's radius
- Gravitational force of the Earth
- Mass of the satellite
- Size of the satellite
Which of the above determine the balance of centripetal force and gravitational attraction enabling stable orbit?
[A] Only 1, 2 and 3
[B] 1, 2, 3 and 6
[C] 1, 2, 3 and 4
[D] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1, 2, 3 and 4]
Notes:
The stable orbital motion of a satellite is governed by the distance from the Earth, the tangential speed of the satellite, Earth's radius, and the gravitational force of the Earth. The mass and size of the satellite are not factors in this specific balance because gravitational and centripetal forces act proportionally to mass, and size is irrelevant to the orbital mechanics as per Newtonian gravitation.
6. With reference to various layers of Sun, consider the following statements
- The glowing surface of the sun that we see is called the photosphere
- The layer below the photosphere towards Sun’s core is called the chromosphere
Which among the above is / are correct statements?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
Notes:
The glowing surface of the sun that we see is called the photosphere. The layer around the photosphere is called the chromosphere, so named due to its reddish colour. Outermost layer is corona.
7. Consider the following statements:
- The rotation of the Earth on its axis generates centrifugal force on water.
- The effect of centrifugal force in creating tides is of great use in determining the location of the high tides and low tides.
Which of the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 2
[B] Only 1
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 1]
Notes:
The rotation of the Earth produces a centrifugal force on water, which is greatest at the equator. However, this force acts uniformly along a latitude and does not affect the determination of the locations of high and low tides. Hence, only the first statement is correct; the second statement is not factually valid.
8. Which of the following objects in the solar system have elliptical orbits?
- Planets
- Comets
- Asteroids
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 1 & 2
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
All planets, comets, and asteroids in the solar system follow elliptical orbits around the Sun according to Kepler's laws. Each of these objects has both a perihelion (closest point to Sun) and an aphelion (farthest point), defining their elliptical orbital path.
9. Consider the following rocks:
- Pumice
- Basalt
- Granite
Which of the above is/are extrusive igneous rock(s)?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 & 3 Only
[C] 1 & 2 Only
[D] 3 Only
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ 1 & 2 Only]
Notes:
Granite is an intrusive igneous rock. Pumice and Basalt are extrusive igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are formed from cooling and solidification of magma. If the magma cools below the surface of earth’s surface, it is called intrusive igneous rock. If the magma cools above the surface of earth, it is called extrusive igneous rock.
10. Consider the following statements:
- Titan is the largest moon of Jupiter and is the only known moon to have a magnetic field
- Ganymede is the largest moon of Saturn and is the only moon to have a dense atmosphere
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [ Neither 1 nor 2]
Notes:
- “Titan is the largest moon of Jupiter and is the only known moon to have a magnetic field”: This statement is incorrect on both counts. Titan is not a moon of Jupiter; it is a moon of Saturn. Titan is indeed the largest moon of Saturn and is known for having a thick atmosphere rich in nitrogen, along with lakes and rivers of liquid hydrocarbons on its surface. However, Titan does not have a significant magnetic field.
- “Ganymede is the largest moon of Saturn and is the only moon to have a dense atmosphere”: This statement is partially correct and partially incorrect. Ganymede is not a moon of Saturn; it is a moon of Jupiter. Ganymede is indeed the largest moon in the entire solar system, and it’s one of the Galilean moons of Jupiter. It is also the only moon known to have its magnetic field. However, Ganymede does not have a dense atmosphere. It has a very thin atmosphere composed mainly of oxygen, but it’s not considered dense compared to Earth’s atmosphere.
Correct information is as follows:
- Titan is the largest moon of Saturn, not Jupiter. It does not have a magnetic field.
- Ganymede is the largest moon of Jupiter and does have a magnetic field, but it does not have a dense atmosphere.
