Current Affairs Quiz – October 2025

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International Day for the Eradication of Poverty 2025 is observed on October 17. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) renews its commitment to eradicate poverty and promote shared prosperity. This year’s theme is “Ending social and institutional maltreatment by ensuring respect and effective support for families.” The 2025 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), by UNDP and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, shows 887 million poor people—nearly 80%—face at least one major climate hazard.

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The Uttarakhand government approved an amendment in the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) on October 13, 2025, easing marriage registration for citizens of Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet without an Aadhaar card. Foreign citizens can now register marriages using citizenship certificate, residence certificate, passport, or valid identity card. The amendment acknowledges historic and cultural ties of these communities with Uttarakhand, including residence, relationships, and social justice participation. Since UCC implementation earlier this year, over 4 lakh marriages have been registered on the portal.

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India has recently developed its first indigenously discovered antibiotic, Nafithromycin. It was developed with support from the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC). The antibiotic is marketed under the trade name “Miqnaf.” It is the first molecule fully conceptualized, developed, and clinically validated in India. Nafithromycin addresses Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and is effective against resistant respiratory infections. It is especially useful for cancer patients and poorly controlled diabetics. The drug treats Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP) and targets both typical and atypical pathogens. No similar antibiotic in this class has been developed globally for over 30 years.

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India celebrates National Solidarity Day every year on 20 October. The day honors the India-China War of 1962, a conflict that tested the nation’s strength and resilience. It reminds citizens of the importance of unity, diversity, and courage during challenging times. National Solidarity Day highlights how patriotism and collective spirit helped India face hardships. The day encourages all Indians to remember and uphold solidarity, reflecting the nation’s enduring strength and unity. It is a tribute to the courage of soldiers and citizens who stood together during the crisis.

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The Rincon de la Vieja volcano in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, had a moderate phreatic eruption recently. It sent a 700-meter-high plume of water vapor, gas, and aerosols, drifting west with the wind. Wet sediments stayed inside the crater, and no ash fall was reported in nearby areas. The Rincon de la Vieja volcano is located in Costa Rica, in the northwestern province of Guanacaste. It is part of the Rincon de la Vieja National Park, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

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The Indian Air Force (IAF) has overtaken China’s People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) to rank 3rd globally in the World Directory of Modern Military Aircraft (WDMMA) 2025 rankings. The United States Air Force (USAF) ranks 1st, followed by Russia (2nd), while India (3rd) surpasses China (4th). The Indian Naval Aviation ranks 27th globally. The ranking reflects India’s growing air dominance and strategic strength in the Indo-Pacific region.

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Recently, the Prime Minister of India celebrated Deepavali aboard INS Vikrant and praised armed forces’ unity during Operation Sindoor. INS Vikrant is India’s first indigenously designed and manufactured aircraft carrier. It was designed by the Indian Navy’s Warship Design Bureau and built by M/s Cochin Shipyard Limited. The carrier was commissioned in 2022. It measures 262 metres in length and 62 metres in width, with 14 decks. Its full-load displacement is 43,000 tonnes.

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India and the United Kingdom (UK) launched the Ramanujan Junior Researchers Programme to foster collaboration between young scientists. The programme was named after Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. It honors his 1913 collaboration with British mathematician G.H. Hardy. The programme is supported by India’s Department of Science and Technology (DST) and announced after UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s visit to India. Young Indian physicists and mathematicians can conduct joint research at the London Institute for Mathematical Sciences (LIMS). LIMS, at the Royal Institution, London, is renowned for full-time theoretical research and associations with Nobel Prizes and major discoveries. The initiative emphasizes international scientific dialogue and exchange of talent between India and the UK

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South Korea is set to deploy its ‘monster missile’ Hyunmoo-5 by the end of this year. It marks a major upgrade in South Korea’s conventional arsenal against North Korea. Hyunmoo-5 is a ballistic missile developed by South Korea. It is designed for deep penetration strikes using a large conventional warhead. The missile can destroy heavily fortified underground targets. It is part of the Korean Massive Punishment and Retaliation (KMPR) strategy to deter North Korea without nuclear weapons. It was officially unveiled in October 2024.

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October 24 is observed annually as Raising Day of Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP). ITBP is a central armed police force under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). It was established in 1962. The day honors ITBP personnel for their sacrifices and contribution to national security. October 24, 2025, marks the 64th Raising Day of ITBP. ITBP is a specialized armed police force trained in mountaineering, skiing, and intensive tactical operations. ITBP acts as “First Responders” during natural calamities in the Himalayan region. The force also conducts relief and rescue operations in difficult terrains.