Medieval Indian History

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Sikander Lodhi founded Agra in 1504, enhancing it with buildings and establishing it as a cultural and commercial hub. He promoted Persian literature, introduced land revenue assessment, and supported agriculture, boosting prosperity in northern India.

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Dilawar Khan Ghur was appointed as the governor of Malwa by king Firuz Shah Tughluq. In 1401, He made himself independent of the Delhi Sultanate. He neither formally threw off the allegiance of Delhi sultanate nor assume the royal title.

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Krishna Deva Raya recaptured Raichur Doab from Ismail Adil Shah of Bijapur with Portuguese gunner assistance. In 1523 CE, he invaded Bijapur, capturing more forts and employing European mercenaries and advanced artillery. He celebrated his victory at Raichur with festivities and commissioned the Hazara Rama Temple in Hampi.

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The Battle of Talikota which was fought on 23 January 1565 was a watershed battle fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and an alliance of the Deccan sultanates who united in order to defeat Aliya Rama Raya.

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Many foreign travellers visited the Vijayanagar kingdom. Paes mentions the beautiful houses of the rich and a large number of their household servants during the rule of the Vijayanagar empire.

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The most important and widely venerated Sufi saint of the Deccan during the time of Bahmani dynasty was Hazrat Syed Muhammad Gesu Daraz who was popularly known as Banda Nawaz.

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Ahmed Bahri Nizarn Shah was succeeded by his young son, Burhan Nizarn Shah I, who ruled from 1510 to 53 CE. Burhan I came in a  pact with Sadasiva Raya of Vijayanagar and occupied Bijapur, Sholapur and the neighbouring districts.

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Ali Adil Shah II became the Sultan of Bijapur at 18 after his father’s death in 1656. He commissioned the Gol Gumbaz and strengthened military and administrative systems, maintaining stability in the Deccan amid Mughal expansion.

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Badshahi Ashurkhana in Hyderabad commemorates Imam Hussain’s martyrdom during Muharram and features intricate “Nakkashi” tile work. Golconda Fort, originally built by the Kakatiyas and later fortified by the Qutb Shahi dynasty, is known for its acoustics and water supply. Taramati Baradari, a Persian-style garden pavilion from Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah’s reign, is an acoustic marvel.

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The Chisti presence in Delhi was established by Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki  who was a disciple of Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti, who settled in Delhi from his homeland in Transoxiana in c.1221 CE.