1. Consider the following factors regarding species extinction:
- Unexpected changes in weather patterns
- Fire
- Deforestation
- Disease
- Increase in competitors
Which of the above are considered as part of stochastic processes?
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 3
[B] Only 2, 3 & 5
[C] Only 1, 2, 4 & 5
[D] 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 1, 2, 4 & 5]
Notes:
Stochastic processes are random events affecting extinction, such as unexpected weather changes, fire, disease, or increased competitors. Deforestation is a deterministic process as it involves human intervention. Thus, 1 (unexpected weather), 2 (fire), 4 (disease), and 5 (increase in competitors) are stochastic, while 3 (deforestation) is not.
2. Which of the following bioremediation method is ex-situ?
- Bioventing
- Biopile
- Bioaugmentation
- Bioreactor
- Biosparging
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 5
[B] Only 2 & 4
[C] Only 1, 3 & 5
[D] Only 1, 2, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 2 & 4]
Notes:- Ex-situ bioremediation is a biological approach in which excavated soil is placed in a lined above-ground treatment area and then aerated to assist the indigenous microbial population in degrading organic contaminants.
- Ex-situ, bioremediation techniques include Landfarming, Biopiles, Bioreactors, Composting
- Land farming is the most fundamental kind of bioremediation.
- A Biopile is a sort of ex-situ treatment that employs biological processes to convert pollutants into non-hazardous byproducts.
- The bioreactor method is a biochemical processing system that uses microbes to remove toxins from wastewater or pumped groundwater, as well as the solid and liquid (slurry) stages of contaminated soil remediation. This process could be aerobic or anaerobic.
- Compost bioremediation is the use of a biological system of microorganisms in a mature, cured compost to adsorb or break down contaminants in water or soil.
3. Consider the following statements regarding major rift valleys of the world:
- Baikal Rift Valley is formed by a divergent plate boundary.
- Rio Grande Rift is located along faults in the Southwestern United States.
- The Great Rift Valley stretches from the Middle East in the north to Mozambique in the south.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] Only 3
[B] Only 1 and 3
[C] 1, 2 and 3
[D] Only 1 and 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1, 2 and 3]
Notes:
All three statements are correct. The Baikal Rift Valley is a divergent plate boundary; the Rio Grande Rift consists of valleys along faults in the Southwestern US; and the Great Rift Valley extends from the Middle East to Mozambique, constituting a major geological feature of Africa and the adjacent region.
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