New Shipping Bills
India’s Parliament passed two key maritime laws in 2025 to modernise the shipping sector. The Carriage of Goods by Sea Bill, 2025, and the Merchant Shipping Bill, 2024, replace outdated laws from the 20th century. These reforms aim to align India’s maritime legal framework with global standards. They focus on improving trade efficiency, safety, environmental protection, and seafarer welfare.
Recent Legislative Developments
Recently, the Rajya Sabha approved the Carriage of Goods by Sea Bill amid opposition protests. The Lok Sabha had earlier passed the Merchant Shipping Bill. Both laws mark overhaul of India’s maritime regulations. The Carriage of Goods by Sea Bill replaces the Indian Carriage of Goods by Sea Act of 1925. The Merchant Shipping Bill replaces the Merchant Shipping Act of 1958.
Merchant Shipping Bill, 2024
The Merchant Shipping Bill is designed as a progressive law with 16 Parts and 325 clauses. It addresses the shortcomings of the previous 561-section Act which was fragmented and outdated. The new Bill aligns India’s laws with International Maritime Organization (IMO) conventions. It enhances safety at sea and emergency response. It also prioritises environmental protection and seafarer welfare. The Bill aims to reduce compliance burdens and promote Indian shipping tonnage.
Carriage of Goods by Sea Bill, 2025
This Bill adopts the internationally accepted Hague-Visby Rules. These rules govern the rights and responsibilities related to the carriage of goods by sea. The new law simplifies maritime trade regulations. It reduces litigation risks and improves transparency in cargo movement. The Bill brings India’s trade laws in line with countries like the United Kingdom. This encourages commercial efficiency and global trust.
Impact
Together, these Bills position India as a modern maritime jurisdiction. They support sustainable growth and attract investment in shipping and related sectors. The reforms also help India meet its international obligations. The enhanced legal framework is expected to boost India’s standing as a global maritime trade hub. It encourages innovation and strengthens governance in the sector.
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