Unit 1: Introduction to Biology

1. Biology
2. Branches of Biology
3. History of Biology

Unit 2: Important Biologists

1. Ancient Biologists
2. Medieval Biologists
3. Modern Biologists
4. Indian Biologists
5. Physiology Nobel Laureates

Unit 3: Cell Biology

1. Biological Organisation Levels
2. Cell Theory
3. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
4. Plant and Animal Cells
5. Cell Wall
6. Cell Membrane
7. Cytoplasm
8. Nucleus
9. Cell Organelles
10. Plastids
11. Chloroplasts
12. Chlorophyll
13. Carotenoids
14. Mitochondria
15. Endoplasmic Reticulum
16. Golgi Apparatus
17. Lysosomes
18. Ribosomes
19. Peroxisomes
20. Glyoxysomes
21. Centrosomes and Centrioles
22. Cilia and Flagella
23. Chromatin
24. Chromosomes

Unit 4: Biochemistry

1. Biomolecules
2. Water in Living Systems
3. Carbohydrates
4. Monosaccharides
5. Disaccharides
6. Polysaccharides
7. Proteins
8. Amino Acids
9. Enzymes
10. Enzyme Mechanism
11. Lipids
12. Fatty Acids
13. Phospholipids
14. Nucleic Acids
15. DNA
16. RNA
17. Vitamins
18. Minerals
19. ATP
20. Metabolism
21. Anabolism and Catabolism

Unit 5: Taxonomy

1. Taxonomy and Systematics
2. Biological Classification
3. Five Kingdom Classification
4. Three-Domain System
5. Taxonomic Hierarchy
6. Species Concepts
7. Binomial Nomenclature
8. Herbaria and Botanical Gardens
9. Zoological Parks

Unit 6: Viruses and Bacteria

1. Microorganism Classification
2. Viruses
3. Viral Structure and Types
4. Bacteriophages
5. Viroids, Prions and Virions
6. Bacterial Structure
7. Bacterial Shapes and Types
8. Bacterial Reproduction
9. Cyanobacteria
10. Plant Bacterial Diseases
11. Animal Bacterial Diseases
12. Useful Bacteria
13. Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
14. Antibiotics

Unit 7: Algae, Fungi and Protists

1. Kingdom Protista
2. Protozoa
3. Algae
4. Economic Importance of Algae
5. Fungi
6. Economic Importance of Fungi
7. Fungal Diseases
8. Lichens and Mycorrhiza
9. Diatoms
10. Euglenoids
11. Slime Moulds

Unit 8: Lower Plants

1. Cryptogams and Phanerogams
2. Bryophytes
3. Importance of Bryophytes
4. Pteridophytes
5. Importance of Pteridophytes
6. Gymnosperms
7. Importance of Gymnosperms

Unit 9: Angiosperms

1. Angiosperms
2. Angiosperm Life Cycle
3. Angiosperm Families and Species

Unit 10: Animal Classification

1. Animal Classification
2. Major Animal Phyla

Unit 11: Sponges and Cnidarians

1. Porifera
2. Importance of Sponges
3. Coral Reef Biology
4. Cnidaria
5. Importance of Cnidarians

Unit 12: Worms

1. Major Worm Groups
2. Platyhelminthes
3. Nematoda
4. Annelida
5. Importance of Worms
6. Parasitic Worm Diseases

Unit 13: Arthropods

1. Arthropod Features
2. Major Arthropod Groups
3. Insects
4. Ecological Importance of Insects
5. Economically Important Insects
6. Insect Diseases
7. Arachnids
8. Important Arachnids
9. Importance of Arachnids
10. Crustaceans
11. Important Crustaceans
12. Importance of Crustaceans
13. Myriapods
14. Importance of Myriapods

Unit 14: Molluscs and Echinoderms

1. Mollusca
2. Importance of Molluscs
3. Echinodermata
4. Importance of Echinoderms

Unit 15: Fishes

1. Fishes
2. Fish Classification
3. Fish External Structure
4. Fish Internal Anatomy
5. Fish Physiology
6. Fish Reproduction and Development
7. Fish Habitat and Ecology
8. Fisheries and Aquaculture
9. Economic Importance of Fishes
10. Fish Resource Conservation

Unit 16: Amphibians

1. Amphibians
2. Amphibian Classification
3. Amphibian External Structure
4. Amphibian Internal Anatomy
5. Amphibian Physiology
6. Amphibian Reproduction and Development
7. Amphibian Habitat and Ecology
8. Amphibian Adaptations
9. Importance of Amphibians
10. Amphibian Conservation

Unit 17: Reptiles

1. Reptiles
2. Reptile Classification
3. Reptile External Morphology
4. Reptilian Skin and Scales
5. Reptile Internal Anatomy
6. Reptile Physiology
7. Reptile Reproduction and Development
8. Reptile Habitat and Ecology
9. Reptile Adaptations
10. Venomous and Non-Venomous Reptiles
11. Importance of Reptiles
12. Reptile Conservation

Unit 18: Birds

1. Birds
2. Bird Classification
3. Bird External Morphology
4. Feathers
5. Flight Adaptations
6. Bird Internal Anatomy
7. Bird Physiology
8. Bird Reproduction and Development
9. Bird Habitat and Ecology
10. Bird Migration
11. Importance of Birds
12. Bird Conservation

Unit 19: Mammals

1. Mammalian Evolution
2. Mammalian Features
3. Mammal Classification
4. Mammalian External Morphology
5. Mammalian Skin and Hair
6. Mammalian Internal Anatomy
7. Mammalian Physiology
8. Mammalian Reproduction and Development
9. Mammalian Habitat and Ecology
10. Mammalian Adaptations
11. Mammalian Social Behaviour
12. Importance of Mammals
13. Mammal Conservation

Unit 20: Plant Tissues

1. Plant and Animal Tissues
2. Plant Tissue Classification
3. Plant Primary and Secondary Growth
4. Meristematic Tissues
5. Simple Permanent Tissues
6. Xylem
7. Phloem
8. Plant Protective Tissues
9. Plant Secretory Tissues
10. Economic Importance of Plant Tissues
11. Medicinal Plant Tissues

Unit 21: Plant Morphology

1. Plant Morphology
2. Root Structure and Functions
3. Root Modifications
4. Economic Importance of Roots
5. Stem Structure and Functions
6. Stem Modifications
7. Economic Importance of Stems
8. Leaf Structure and Functions
9. Leaf Modifications
10. Economic Importance of Leaves
11. Inflorescence
12. Flower Structure and Types
13. Economic Importance of Flowers
14. Fruit Formation and Types
15. Economic Importance of Fruits
16. Seed Structure and Types
17. Economic Importance of Seeds

Unit 22: Animal Tissues

1. Animal Tissue Evolution
2. Animal Tissue Classification
3. Epithelial Tissue
4. Connective Tissue
5. Muscular Tissue
6. Nervous Tissue
7. Animal Coordination and Conduction
8. Importance of Animal Tissues

Unit 23: Human Tissues

1. Human Tissue Types
2. Epithelial Tissue
3. Epithelial Tissue Diseases
4. Connective Tissue
5. Blood
6. Human Immunity
7. Bone
8. Cartilage
9. Bone and Cartilage Disorders
10. Muscle Tissue
11. Muscle Disorders
12. Nervous Tissue
13. Neurons and Nervous Function
14. Brain Structure
15. Reflex Action
16. Neurological Disorders
17. Tissue Repair and Regeneration
18. Stem Cells

Unit 24: Plant Physiology

1. Photosynthesis
2. Plant Respiration
3. Transpiration
4. Plant Transport and Translocation

Unit 25: Plant Growth and Hormones

1. Plant Growth
2. Plant Hormones
3. Seed Dormancy and Germination
4. Vernalisation
5. Photoperiodism

Unit 26: Plant Reproduction

1. Asexual Plant Reproduction
2. Natural Vegetative Propagation
3. Artificial Vegetative Propagation
4. Sexual Plant Reproduction
5. Pollination
6. Fruit Development
7. Apomixis
8. Parthenocarpy

Unit 27: Economic Botany

1. Important Cereals
2. Important Pulses
3. Important Oilseeds
4. Important Fruits
5. Important Vegetables
6. Important Plantation Crops
7. Important Spices
8. Important Fibre Crops
9. Important Timber Plants
10. Important Medicinal Plants
11. Important Ornamental Plants
12. Essential Oil Plants
13. Genetically Modified Crops

Unit 28: Plant Diseases

1. Major Plant Diseases
2. Plant Disease Vectors
3. Plant Disease Resistance
4. Plant Disease Control

Unit 29: Musculoskeletal System

1. Bone Types
2. Bone Structure
3. Joint Types
4. Cartilage
5. Skeletal System
6. Tendons and Ligaments
7. Movement and Locomotion

Unit 30: Nervous System

1. Central Nervous System
2. Brain Structure
3. Spinal Cord
4. Peripheral Nervous System
5. Autonomic Nervous System
6. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems

Unit 31: Sense Organs

1. Human Sense Organs
2. Sensory Receptors
3. Eye Structure
4. Vision and Image Formation
5. Eye Defects
6. Ear Structure
7. Hearing Mechanism
8. Vestibular System
9. Olfactory System
10. Tongue and Taste Buds

Unit 32: Blood and Circulation

1. Blood Components
2. Blood Groups
3. Lymph
4. Circulatory System
5. Heart
6. Heart Structure
7. Cardiac Cycle
8. Blood Vessels
9. Double Circulation
10. Blood Pressure
11. Immunity
12. Antigens and Antibodies
13. Vaccination
14. Autoimmunity
15. Circulatory Disorders

Unit 33: Respiratory System

1. Respiratory Organs
2. Lung Structure and Functions
3. Breathing Mechanism
4. Inspiration and Expiration
5. Gas Transport and Exchange
6. Cellular Respiration
7. Respiratory Volumes
8. Breathing Regulation
9. Respiratory Disorders

Unit 34: Digestive System

1. Alimentary Canal
2. Teeth
3. Salivary Glands
4. Oesophagus
5. Stomach
6. Gastric Juice
7. Small Intestine
8. Large Intestine
9. Liver
10. Pancreas
11. Digestive Enzymes
12. Nutrient Absorption
13. Digestive Disorders

Unit 35: Excretory System

1. Excretory Organs
2. Kidney Structure and Functions
3. Nephron
4. Urine Formation
5. Excretory Disorders

Unit 36: Endocrine System

1. Endocrine Glands
2. Human Hormones
3. Hormonal Disorders

Unit 37: Reproductive System

1. Male Reproductive System
2. Female Reproductive System
3. Ovaries and Ovulation
4. Menstrual Cycle
5. Fertilisation and Pregnancy
6. Human Embryo
7. Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Unit 38: Human Diseases

1. Infectious Diseases
2. Non-Infectious Diseases
3. Bacterial Diseases
4. Viral Diseases
5. Protozoan Diseases
6. Fungal Diseases
7. Vector-Borne Diseases
8. Zoonotic Diseases
9. Deficiency Diseases
10. Lifestyle Diseases

Unit 39: Genetics and Evolution

1. Genetics
2. Heredity
3. Mutation
4. Genetic Disorders
5. Evolutionary Theories
6. Adaptation
7. Speciation
8. Human Evolution

Unit 40: Biotechnology

1. Biotechnology Principles
2. Recombinant DNA Technology
3. Genetic Engineering
4. Genetically Modified Organisms
5. CRISPR Technology
6. Cloning
7. DNA Fingerprinting
8. PCR Technique
9. Vaccines and Biopharmaceuticals
10. Biopesticides
11. Biofuels
12. Industrial Biotechnology