Unit 1: Indian Geography Foundations

1. India’s Location and Extent
2. Indian Standard Time
3. India’s International Borders
4. Indian Administrative Divisions

Unit 2: Indian Geology and Relief

1. Indian Plate Tectonics
2. Gondwana Landmass
3. Indian Geological Time Scale
4. Indian Geological Divisions
5. Archaean Rocks
6. Dharwar Rock System
7. Cuddapah Rock System
8. Vindhyan Rock System
9. Gondwana Rock System
10. Deccan Traps
11. Tertiary Rocks and Himalayas
12. Quaternary Deposits
13. Indian Rock Types
14. Geology and Mineral Distribution
15. Indian Folding and Faulting
16. Indian Seismic Setting
17. Indian Landform Evolution
18. Erosion and Deposition
19. Relief and Drainage
20. Indian Geological Heritage Sites

Unit 3: Physiography of India

1. Indian Physiographic Divisions
2. Himalayan Mountain System
3. Northern Plains
4. Peninsular Plateau
5. Indian Desert
6. Coastal Plains
7. Indian Island Groups
8. Trans-Himalayan Region
9. Purvanchal Hills
10. Central Highlands
11. Deccan Plateau
12. Western Ghats
13. Eastern Ghats
14. Indian Intermontane Valleys
15. Northeast Indian Plateaus
16. River Valleys and Basins
17. Indian Mountain Passes
18. Physiography and Settlements
19. Physiography and Economy

Unit 4: Himalayan Region

1. Himalayan Origin
2. Himalayan Physiography
3. Trans-Himalayan Ranges
4. Great Himalaya
5. Lesser Himalaya
6. Shiwalik Range
7. Himalayan Duns
8. Kashmir Himalaya
9. Kumaon-Garhwal Himalaya
10. Sikkim Himalaya
11. Arunachal Himalaya
12. Purvanchal Hills
13. Indian Himalayan Peaks
14. Himalayan Passes
15. Himalayan Glaciers
16. Himalayan River Sources
17. Himalayan Biodiversity
18. Himalayan Hazards
19. Himalayan Tourism and Settlement
20. Himalayan Strategic Importance

Unit 5: Northern Plains and Desert

1. Northern Plains Formation
2. Bhabar Region
3. Terai Region
4. Bhangar Region
5. Khadar Region
6. Punjab-Haryana Plains
7. Ganga Plains
8. Upper Ganga Plain
9. Middle Ganga Plain
10. Lower Ganga Plain
11. Brahmaputra Valley
12. Floodplains and River Islands
13. North Indian Doabs
14. Ravines and Badlands
15. Indian Desert
16. Thar Desert Landforms
17. Aravallis and Desert Geography
18. Rann of Kachchh
19. Northwestern Desertification

Unit 6: Peninsular Plateau and Ghats

1. Peninsular Plateau
2. Malwa Plateau
3. Bundelkhand Plateau
4. Baghelkhand Plateau
5. Chotanagpur Plateau
6. Meghalaya Plateau
7. Maharashtra Plateau
8. Karnataka Plateau
9. Telangana Plateau
10. Tamil Nadu Uplands
11. Nilgiri Hills
12. Anaimalai and Cardamom Hills
13. Satpura Range
14. Vindhya Range
15. Plateau Drainage and Waterfalls
16. Plateau Resources and Settlement

Unit 7: Coasts and Islands

1. Indian Coastal Geography
2. Western Coastal Plain
3. Konkan Coast
4. Kanara Coast
5. Malabar Coast
6. Eastern Coastal Plain
7. Northern Circars
8. Coromandel Coast
9. Indian Coastal Landforms
10. Estuaries and Lagoons
11. Kerala Backwaters
12. Eastern Indian Deltas
13. Indian Mangrove Coasts
14. Coastal Erosion and Accretion
15. Indian Maritime Zones
16. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
17. Lakshadweep Islands
18. Indian Coral Reefs
19. Ports and Coastal Settlements

Unit 8: Indian River Systems

1. Indian Drainage Patterns
2. Himalayan and Peninsular Rivers
3. Indus River System
4. Jhelum River
5. Chenab River
6. Ravi River
7. Beas River
8. Sutlej River
9. Ganga River System
10. Yamuna River System
11. Ghaghara, Gandak and Kosi
12. Son and Damodar Rivers
13. Brahmaputra River System
14. Barak River System
15. Narmada River
16. Tapi River
17. Godavari River
18. Krishna River
19. Cauvery River
20. Mahanadi, Pennar and Sabarmati

Unit 9: Indian Climate and Monsoon

1. Indian Climate Controls
2. Indian Seasons
3. Indian Winter Season
4. Indian Summer Season
5. Southwest Monsoon
6. Northeast Monsoon
7. Monsoon Onset and Withdrawal
8. Monsoon Trough and Breaks
9. Western Disturbances
10. Jet Streams and India
11. Indian Tropical Cyclones
12. Indian Temperate Cyclones
13. Indian Local Winds
14. Indian Rainfall Distribution
15. Indian Temperature Distribution
16. Humidity, Fog and Thunderstorms
17. Droughts and Dry Spells
18. Flood-Producing Rainfall
19. Indian Climate Classification
20. Monsoon and Climate Change

Unit 10: Indian Soils and Land

1. Indian Soil Formation
2. Soil Profiles and Horizons
3. Alluvial Soils
4. Black Soils
5. Red and Yellow Soils
6. Laterite Soils
7. Arid and Desert Soils
8. Forest and Mountain Soils
9. Saline and Alkaline Soils
10. Peaty and Marshy Soils
11. Soil Fertility and Nutrients
12. Indian Soil Erosion
13. Ravine Erosion
14. Wind Erosion
15. Soil Conservation Methods
16. Indian Land Use
17. Indian Wastelands
18. Land Degradation
19. Land Reclamation
20. Soil and Land Mapping

Unit 11: Indian Vegetation and Biodiversity

1. Vegetation Distribution Factors
2. Tropical Evergreen Forests
3. Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests
4. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests
5. Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests
6. Thorn and Scrub Forests
7. Montane Forests
8. Alpine Vegetation
9. Littoral and Swamp Forests
10. Mangrove Forests
11. Indian Grasslands
12. Indian Forest Distribution
13. Forest Resources and Livelihoods
14. Indian Biodiversity Hotspots
15. Indian Endemic Species
16. Indian National Parks
17. Indian Wildlife Sanctuaries
18. Indian Biosphere Reserves
19. Tiger and Elephant Reserves
20. Biodiversity Conservation Challenges

Unit 12: Indian Water Resources

1. Indian Surface Water
2. Indian Groundwater Resources
3. Aquifers and Groundwater Recharge
4. River Basin Planning
5. Watershed Management
6. Canal Irrigation
7. Well and Tube-Well Irrigation
8. Tank Irrigation
9. Major Irrigation Projects
10. Multipurpose River Valley Projects
11. Indian River Interlinking
12. Rainwater Harvesting
13. Water Scarcity Regions
14. Water Quality and Contamination
15. Lakes of India
16. Himalayan Lakes
17. Peninsular Lakes
18. Coastal Lagoons
19. Wetlands of India
20. Indian Ramsar Sites

Unit 13: Indian Agriculture

1. Indian Agricultural Regions
2. Agricultural Location Factors
3. Indian Cropping Seasons
4. Kharif Crops
5. Rabi Crops
6. Zaid Crops
7. Indian Food Crops
8. Rice Geography
9. Wheat Geography
10. Millet Geography
11. Pulse Geography
12. Oilseed Geography
13. Sugarcane Geography
14. Cotton Geography
15. Jute Geography
16. Tea Geography
17. Coffee Geography
18. Plantation Crop Geography
19. Horticulture Geography
20. Agricultural Problems and Reforms

Unit 14: Livestock and Rural Economy

1. Indian Livestock Resources
2. Dairy Geography
3. Poultry Geography
4. Sheep and Goat Economy
5. Camel Pastoralism
6. Sericulture Regions
7. Apiculture and Honey Production
8. Inland Fisheries
9. Marine Fisheries
10. Aquaculture and Blue Revolution
11. Fishing Harbours and Livelihoods
12. Food Security Geography
13. Public Distribution System
14. Foodgrain Storage and Warehousing
15. Agricultural Marketing Geography
16. Agro-Climatic Regions
17. Agro-Ecological Regions
18. Dryland Farming
19. Organic and Natural Farming
20. Rural Livelihood Diversification

Unit 15: Indian Minerals and Mining

1. Indian Mineral Belts
2. Indian Metallic Minerals
3. Iron Ore Geography
4. Manganese Geography
5. Bauxite Geography
6. Copper Geography
7. Lead and Zinc Geography
8. Gold and Precious Minerals
9. Mica Geography
10. Limestone and Cement Minerals
11. Indian Coalfields
12. Petroleum and Gas Basins
13. Uranium and Atomic Minerals
14. Rare Earth Minerals
15. Beach Sand Minerals
16. Mining and Industrialisation
17. Mining Environmental Impacts
18. Mining Labour and Settlements
19. Mineral Conservation

Unit 16: Indian Energy Geography

1. Indian Energy Regions
2. Coal Energy
3. Petroleum Energy
4. Natural Gas and LNG
5. Hydroelectric Power
6. Thermal Power Plants
7. Nuclear Power Plants
8. Solar Energy Regions
9. Wind Energy Regions
10. Biomass and Biogas Energy
11. Indian Geothermal Energy
12. Tidal and Wave Energy
13. Hydrogen Energy Geography
14. Power Grid Geography
15. Energy Corridors and Pipelines
16. Indian Energy Security
17. Renewable Energy Parks
18. Rural Energy Access
19. Energy Conservation and Efficiency

Unit 17: Indian Industries

1. Industrial Location Factors
2. Indian Industrial Regions
3. Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region
4. Hugli Industrial Region
5. Bengaluru-Chennai Industrial Region
6. Gujarat Industrial Region
7. Chotanagpur Industrial Region
8. Visakhapatnam-Guntur Industrial Region
9. Gurugram-Delhi-Meerut Industrial Region
10. Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram Industrial Region
11. Iron and Steel Industry
12. Cotton Textile Industry
13. Jute Textile Industry
14. Sugar Industry
15. Cement Industry
16. Fertiliser Industry
17. Petrochemical Industry
18. Automobile Industry
19. IT and Electronics Industry
20. Industrial Corridors and SEZs

Unit 18: Transport and Logistics

1. Indian Transport Geography
2. Indian Road Network
3. National Highways
4. Expressways and Economic Corridors
5. Indian Railway Network
6. Dedicated Freight Corridors
7. Metro Rail Systems
8. Inland Waterways
9. Major Indian Ports
10. Minor Ports and Shipping
11. Airports and Air Transport
12. Pipelines
13. Ropeways and Mountain Transport
14. Border Roads
15. Communication Networks
16. Digital Connectivity
17. Postal and Telecom Geography
18. Logistics Parks and Warehousing
19. Transport and Regional Development

Unit 19: Indian Population Geography

1. Indian Population Distribution
2. Indian Population Density
3. Indian Population Growth
4. Fertility and Mortality
5. Population Age Structure
6. Sex Ratio
7. Literacy Geography
8. Workforce Participation
9. Rural-Urban Composition
10. Indian Migration Patterns
11. Inter-State Migration
12. Seasonal and Circular Migration
13. Urban Migration
14. Indian Demographic Transition
15. Indian Population Policies
16. Scheduled Tribe Distribution
17. Scheduled Caste Distribution
18. Indian Linguistic Geography
19. Indian Religious Geography
20. Human Development Inequality

Unit 20: Settlements and Planning

1. Indian Rural Settlements
2. Settlement Patterns
3. Village Morphology
4. Indian Urban Settlements
5. Census and Statutory Towns
6. Indian Urbanisation Trends
7. Metropolitan Cities
8. Megacities and Urban Agglomerations
9. Urban Land Use
10. Urban Sprawl
11. Slums and Urban Poverty
12. Smart Cities
13. Urban Water and Sanitation
14. Urban Transport Challenges
15. Indian Regional Planning
16. Planning Regions
17. Backward Regions
18. Hill Area Development
19. Desert Development
20. Tribal Area Development

Unit 22: Indian Natural Hazards

1. Indian Hazard Mapping
2. Indian Earthquake Zones
3. Himalayan Earthquake Risk
4. Indian Landslides
5. Indian Floods
6. Flash Floods and Cloudbursts
7. Riverbank Erosion
8. Indian Droughts
9. Indian Cyclones
10. Storm Surges
11. Coastal Flooding
12. Indian Tsunami Risk
13. Heat Waves
14. Cold Waves
15. Forest Fires
16. Avalanches
17. Glacial Lake Outburst Floods
18. Industrial and Chemical Disasters
19. Disaster Management Institutions
20. Early Warning and Remote Sensing

Unit 23: Strategic Geography of India

1. India’s Strategic Geography
2. India’s International Borders
3. India-Pakistan Border Regions
4. India-China Border Regions
5. India-Nepal Border Regions
6. India-Bhutan Border Regions
7. India-Bangladesh Border Regions
8. India-Myanmar Border Regions
9. Coastal Security Geography
10. Island Security Geography
11. Border Infrastructure
12. Strategic Mountain Passes
13. Indian Maritime Security
14. Indian Exclusive Economic Zone
15. Indian Continental Shelf
16. Strategic Offshore Islands
17. Naval Bases and Coasts
18. Border Trade Routes
19. Transboundary River Issues