Notes:
A Rajput confederacy of Gurjara Pratihara King Nagabhatta-I and his feudatories such as Chauhans and Guhilots was able to check and revert back Arab Invader Al Junayd, in the Battle of Rajasthan.

Notes:
Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. This was the largest war of the 18th century. The Marathas were led by Sadashivrao Bhau. The battle followed a two months seige and skirmishes. The Marathas were badly defeated in the war suffering a life of around 60-70 thousand warriors. They lost their ablest commanders. Balaji Baji Rao could not absorb this shock and died soon afterwards.

Notes:
Satipati Sampradaya, a tribal community in South Gujarat which resists associating itself with the administration, has been enrolled for the first time in the voters’ list and is likely to exercise franchise in the 2012 state assembly polls, officials said. The Sampradaya members have been enrolled in districts like Tapi, Dang, Narmada, Valsad, amongst others, and few have also been issued Electoral Photo Identity Cards enhancing probability of their participation in the elections. The tribal community takes pride in keeping themselves aloof from any of the government’s schemes. Dang, where around 90 per cent population is tribal, is considered to be base of Satipatis, with an estimated population of around 3,000 people.
 

Notes:
Negritos , now almost extinct and inhabitants of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Notes:
The Newton is the SI unit of force. It is the force that will give a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 meter per second per second. The newton (symbol: N) is the International System of Units (SI) derived unit of force. It is named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work.

Notes:
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of General Dyer fired rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh. The massacre marked a turning point in the history of the struggle for freedom.
Impacts of the massacre:
• About 21 years later, on 13 March 1940, Udham Singh, an Indian revolutionary, shot Michael O’Dwyer dead who was the Lt. Governor of Punjab at the time of the Jalliawala Bagh massacre
• People in Punjab were made to crawl on the streets. They were put in open cages and flogged
• Newspapers were banned and their editors put behind the bars or deported
• Rabindranath Tagore, who had been knighted by the British, renounced his knighthood
It was clear that the brutalities had only added fuel to the fire and made the people’s determination stronger to fight for their freedom and against oppression.