Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
The single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through ranked voting. Under STV, an elector’s vote is initially allocated to his or her most preferred candidate, and then, after candidates have been either elected or eliminated, any surplus or unused votes are transferred according to the voter’s stated preferences. The system minimizes “wasted” votes, provides approximately proportional representation, and enables votes to be explicitly cast for individual candidates rather than for closed party lists.

Notes:
The States in the North Eastern Region were recons-tituted by the North Eastern Areas (Re-organisation) Act 1971. This Act provided for the establishment of the States of Manipur and Tripura and the formation of the State of Meghalaya and of the Union territories of Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh by re-organisation of the existing State of Assam.

Notes:
Judicial Review refers to the power of the judiciary to interpret the constitution and to declare any such law or order of the legislature and executive void, if it finds them in conflict with the Constitution of India. The Indian Constitution has adopted Judicial Review on lines of U.S.A. Constitution.

Notes:
The judges of subordinate courts are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court of the concerned State. A minimum of seven years of practise as a lawyer at bar is a necessary qualification.

Notes:
District judges administer justice in India at a district level. According to Article 235 of the Indian Constitution, they are under administrative control of the High Court of the State to which the district concerned belongs.

Notes:
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits workplace discrimination based on religion, national origin, race, color, or sex. At this time, it calls upon employers and unions to be particularly sensitive to potential discrimination or harassment against individuals who are – or are perceived to be – Muslim, Arab, Afghani, Middle Eastern or South Asian. It is a legislation enacted by the American congress end the discrimination.

Notes:
The Indian Constitution, under Article 39, establishes the concept of a welfare state. It articulates, “The state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people through a social order permeated by economic, social, and political justice.” This serves as a broad framework for realizing the ideal of a welfare state, a distinguishing feature of the Indian Constitution. It reflects the Constitution’s commitment towards ensuring socio-economic equality and justice while enhancing citizens’ overall well-being.

Notes:
The First Amendment of the Constitution of India was enacted in 1951. It made several changes to the Fundamental Rights provisions of the constitution. It provided against abuse of freedom of speech and expression, validation of zamindari abolition laws, etc.

Notes:
On 5 August 2019, the Government of India revoked the special status, or limited autonomy, granted under Article 370 and Article 35(A) of the Indian Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir. Some provisions of the Article 370 have been diluted over time. In contrast, the Article 35A till now had remained unchanged. The Article 370 — which comes under Part XXI of the Constitution, which deals with “Temporary, Transitional and Special provisions” — grants J&K a special autonomous status. Constitutional provisions that are applicable to other Indian states are not applicable to J&K. Article 35A allows the state legislature to define the Jammu and Kashmir’s permanent residents. The article had been inserted via the Constitution (Application to J&K) Order, 1954. It was issued by the then President Rajendra Prasad under Article 370 on PM Nehru’s advice.

Notes:
Liberty and independence are the twin concepts closely related to democracy. Centralization of power is often attached to despotism and concomitant curtailment of liberty and freedom.