Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
Liberty is the value of individuals to have agency (control over their own actions). The conceptions of liberty typically consist of the freedom of individuals from outside compulsion or coercion. So the active exercise of freedom and rights as essential to liberty.

Notes:
Zero Hour is the Indian innovation in the field of parliamentary procedures and has been in existence since 1962. It is called so because it begins at 12.00 noon. However, it does not mention in the rules of procedure. During zero hour, questions are asked about issues of public importance without prior permission.

Notes:
Lok Sabha is also known as the “House of the People” or the lower house. All of its members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of Universal Adult franchise, except two who are appointed by the President of India. Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective of gender, caste, religion or race, who is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote for the lok sabha.

Notes:
Ordinances remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the Parliament is convened unless approved by it earlier.

Notes:
Powers and duties of the Attorney General of India is given in Article 76 of the Indian Constitution which mentions that in the performance of his duties the Attorney-General shall have right of audience in all courts in the territory of India. The Attorney General appears on behalf of Government of India in all cases (including suits, appeals and other proceedings) in the Supreme Court in which Government of India is concerned. He/she also represents the Government of India in any reference made by the President to the Supreme Court under Article 143 of the Constitution.

Notes:
Section 80-A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 provides that the High Court shall be the authority for presentment of election petitions under Article 329(b) of the Constitution. This was incorporated by an amendment in the year 1966 (Act 47 of 1966).

Notes:
The Comptroller and Auditor General Of India was originally called the Accountant General to the Government of India in 1858 and later designated as the Auditor General of India in 1860, the Comptroller General of Accounts in 1866, the Comptroller and Auditor General in 1884, the Auditor General in India under the 1919 Act, and the Auditor General of India under the 1935 Act. It was under the 1935 Act that he was entrusted with the responsibility for the accounting and audit of the Government of India and eleven provincial governments.

Notes:
The Eighth Schedule to the Indian Constitution contains a list of 22 scheduled languages. Via the 92nd Constitutional amendment 2003, 4 new languages – Bodo, Maithili, Dogri, and Santhali – were added to the 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

Notes:
In India, “the Emergency” refers to a 21-month period in 1975–77 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi unilaterally had a state of emergency declared across the country. Officially issued by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352(1) of the Constitution for “internal disturbance”, the Emergency was in effect from 25 June 1975 until its withdrawal on 21 March, 1977.

Notes:
In the classical thought the state was identified with political society and civil society as a form of political community, while the modern thought distinguished the nation state as a political society from civil society as a form of economic society. Compared to society, the role of state is much wider and is increasing with parallel complexities of the modern world. The state today has to carry out several functions which were non-existent a century ago.