Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
A Judge of the Supreme Court (and also High Court) can be removed from his position by President only on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. The power for investigation and proof of such misbehaviour or incapacity is vested in the parliament. Each house, in order to remove the judge, will have to pass a resolution which is supported by 2/3rd of members present and voting and majority of the total membership of the house {absolute + special majority}

Notes:
Indian Constitution has adopted Parliamentary System of Constitution from UK.

Notes:
Article 124(4) of the constitution, President can remove a judge on proved misbehaviour or incapacity when parliament approves with a majority of the total membership of each house in favour of impeachment and not less than two thirds of the members of each house present. For initiating impeachment proceedings against a judge, at least 50 members of Rajya Sabha or 100 members of Lok Sabha shall issue the notice as per Judges (Inquiry) Act,1968. Then a judicial committee would be formed to frame charges against the judge, to conduct the fair trial and to submit its report to parliament. When the judicial committee report finds the judge guilty of misbehaviour or incapacity, further removal proceedings would be taken up by the parliament if the judge is not resigning himself. No judge of Supreme Court has been removed through impeachment process so far.

Notes:
The provisions related to state executive are in articles 153 to 167. The state executive is made of Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers and Advocate General. The executive authority of a state is vested in the Governor; and Governor is the constitutional head of the state in the same way as President is the Constitutional head of the Union.

Notes:
A bill becomes an Act when it is passed by the original house after making suggested amendments by the other house and the President given his / her assent to it.

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Federal Court of India was established in 1937 under Government of India Act 1935. This court had original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction but appeals could be taken from that court to Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London. It worked until 1950 when Supreme Court of India was established.

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The date 24th December 1996 is significant in the context of the Panchayati Raj in India as it marks the enforcement of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996. The act aimed at extending the provisions of Part IX of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats to the Scheduled Areas. Conferring them with self-governance, the law played a major role in decentralising power to the grassroots in these specific regions of the country.

Notes:
The proposed Article 47 A by the Justice M N Venkatachaliah Commission is related to population control. The commission proposed that the state should use education and small family norms to control the population.
The Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah Commission was established in 2000 to consider potential revisions to the Constitution of India. The commission is also known as the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC).

Notes:
The Indian Council of World Affairs is a New Delhi based Indian think-tank. Established in 1943, it is devoted exclusively for the study of international relations and foreign affairs. By an Act of Parliament, it has been declared an institution of national importance in 2001. The Vice-President of India is ex-officio Chairman of the Indian Council of World Affairs.

Notes:
n case the number of contesting candidates goes beyond 64 in any constituency, EVMs cannot be used in such a constituency. The conventional method of voting by means of ballot box and ballot paper will have to be adopted in such a constituency. EVMs can cater to a maximum of 64 candidates. There is provision for 16 candidates in a Balloting Unit. If the total number of candidates exceeds 16, a second Balloting Unit can be linked parallel to the first Balloting Unit. Similarly, if the total number of candidates exceeds 32, a third Balloting Unit can be attached and if the total number of candidates exceeds 48, a fourth Balloting Unit can be attached to cater to a maximum of 64 candidates.