Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
In terms of Article 340 Morarji Desai Government appointed the Second Backward Classes Commission under the chairmanship of B P Mandal in the year1979 to investigate the conditions of the socially and educationally backward classes and suggest measures for their advancement. The commission submitted its report in 1980 and identified as many as 3743 castes as socially and educationally backward classes.
27% government reservation of jobs for the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) is recommended by the commission so that the total reservation for all ((SCs, STs and OBCs) amounts to 50%.
After ten years in 1990 that the V P Singh Government declared reservation of 27% government jobs for the OBCs.

Notes:
Ad hoc judges can be appointed in the Supreme Court by “Chief Justice of India” with the prior consent of the President, if there is no quorum of judges available to hold and continue the session of the court. Only the persons who are qualified as to be appointed as Judge of the Supreme Court can be appointed as ad hoc judge of the Supreme Court. (Article 127). Further, as per provisions of the Article 128, Chief Justice of India, with the previous consent of the President, request a retired Judge of the Supreme Court High Court, who is duly qualified for appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court, to sit and act as a Judge of the Supreme Court. The salary & allowance of such judge are decided by the president. The retired Judge who sits in such a session of the Supreme Court has all the jurisdiction, powers and privileges of the Judges BUT are NOT deemed to be a Judge.

Notes:
The First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951 fully secured the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition law by adding Ninth Schedule in constitution to protect the land reform and other laws included in it from the judicial review.

Notes:
Safeguarding the public Property [Article 51A (i)]; developing scientific temper [Article 51A (h)] and promoting communal harmony [Article 51A (e)].

Notes:
Part XIII (Articles 301-307) deals with freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse. The articles in this part provide for power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse and restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.

Notes:
Article 352 states that the President can proclaim Emergency if he/she believes that a “grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or of any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or armed rebellion.

Notes:
Supreme Court is the Highest Court of appeal and the writs and decrees of Supreme Court run throughout the country. The cases come to the Supreme Court in the form of appeals against the judgments of the lower courts and this is called appellate jurisdiction. Appellate jurisdiction involves the Constitution, Civil and criminal matters.

Notes:
Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Bill, 2008 which was passed by the parliament seeks to reserve 25% of seats in the private schools for weaker sections of the society.

Notes:
According to the article 358, when the proclamation of emergency is made by the President under article 352, the freedoms guaranteed by article 19 are automatically suspended.

Notes:
Under the Article 266 (1) of the Constitution of India, a Consolidated Fund of State is constituted. The salaries and allowances of the Governor of Indian state are charged from Consolidated Fund of India.