India Current Affairs [Nation & States] MCQs

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The Ministry of Law and Justice launched the Notary Portal to provide online services under the Notaries Act, 1952 and Notaries Rules, 1956. It connects Notaries appointed by the Central Government with the Government of India for various services. The portal ensures a faceless, paperless, transparent, and efficient system. Currently, modules for eligibility verification and issuance of digitally signed Certificates of Practice to new Notaries are live. As of 31 July 2025, over 34,900 such certificates have been issued across States and Union Territories. This information was shared by Minister of Law and Justice Arjun Ram Meghwal in the Rajya Sabha.

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India generates 350–990 million tonnes of agricultural residues annually, creating challenges in proper management. Most agro-waste is burned or left to decompose, causing air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil organic carbon depletion. Inspired by the Amul Cooperative model, a decentralised rural cooperative system is proposed to convert agro-waste into compost, vermicompost, and biochar. The initiative is termed Brown Revolution 2.0, aimed at restoring soil health, securing food productivity, creating rural livelihoods, and supporting climate commitments. This approach builds on lessons from the first Brown Revolution for tribal leather and coffee promotion.

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Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) inaugurated “Mauli,” India’s first all-women Clean Street Food Hub in Mumbai on August 17, 2025. The hub was inaugurated by Union Minister Piyush Goyal under FSSAI’s Eat Right India movement. It is fully operated by women from Self-Help Groups (SHGs) trained under FoSTaC (Food Safety Training and Certification). Women vendors are ensuring hygiene, food safety and high-quality street food delivery. FSSAI aims to expand Clean Street Food Hubs nationwide and deepen Eat Right India in schools, workplaces and communities.

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The Ministry of Education is offering free Artificial Intelligence (AI) courses on the SWAYAM Portal to meet rising AI skill demand. SWAYAM stands for Study Webs of Active–Learning for Young Aspiring Minds. It is India’s own MOOCs (Massive Open Online Course) platform launched in 2017 by the Ministry of Education (MoE). The portal aims to bridge the digital divide for students left out of the digital revolution and knowledge economy. It is an indigenously developed IT platform hosting courses from Class 9 to post-graduation. Courses are interactive, taught by top teachers, and available free of cost to residents in India.

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Recently, ten States along with the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) recorded a disposal rate of over 100 percent in July 2025. NCDRC achieved 122 percent disposal, while Tamil Nadu led with 277 percent, followed by Rajasthan 214 percent, Telangana 158 percent, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand 150 percent each. Other high performers include Meghalaya 140 percent, Kerala 122 percent, Puducherry 111 percent, Chhattisgarh 108 percent, and Uttar Pradesh 101 percent. Overall disposal of cases in July 2025 was much higher than July 2024, showing progress in timely resolution.

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The Union Minister shared information on NAVYA in a written reply in Lok Sabha. NAVYA (Nurturing Aspirations through Vocational training for Young Adolescent Girls) is a joint initiative of the Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE) and the Ministry of Women & Child Development (MWCD). It was launched in June 2025 to empower adolescent girls aged 16–18 years in aspirational districts. Under NAVYA, 3,850 girls will be trained under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 4.0 (PMKVY 4.0). Training covers non-traditional and emerging sectors like digital marketing, cybersecurity, AI-enabled services, and green jobs.

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Indian Railways (IR) is working towards its net-zero emission goal by adopting solar energy. Uttar Pradesh’s Varanasi has become the first city in India to have portable solar panels installed between railway tracks. The initiative is part of Indian Railways strategy for a greener and more sustainable transport network. Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW), Varanasi, has commissioned India’s first removable solar panel system on railway tracks.

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The Arunachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (APSPCB) recently held a public hearing for environmental clearance of the Kalai-II Hydroelectric Project. The project is planned in Anjaw district, Arunachal Pradesh on the Lohit River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River. It is a 1,200 MW run-of-river with pondage hydropower project being developed by THDC India Limited (formerly Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited).

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Madhya Pradesh Government launched ‘Ek Bagiya Maa Ke Naam’ project under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) for women of Self-Help Groups (SHGs). The project develops orchards on private land of SHG women with saplings, manure, digging support, fencing, and 50,000-litre water tanks for irrigation. More than 34,084 women registered through the app developed by Madhya Pradesh State Electronics Development Corporation (MPSEDC) for beneficiary selection.

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Supreme Court issued notice on plea by Koya tribe members challenging Telangana High Court order on Scheduled Tribe (ST) status of Lambadi, Sugali, and Banjara communities due to its effect on reservation benefits. Koya tribe is a multi-racial and multi-lingual tribal community in India. They live in forests, plains, and valleys on both sides of the Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. As per 2011 Census, Koya population in India is 7,38,629. They call themselves “Koithur”. They are believed to have migrated from Bastar region in northern India to central India. Koya language (Koya Basha) belongs to Dravidian language family, closely related to Gondi and influenced by Telugu.