Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

Notes:
The Dudhwa National Park is a national park in the Terai belt of marshy grasslands of northern Uttar Pradesh, India. It became a tiger reserve in 1879 and was notified as a national park in January 1977.

Notes:
Nitrogen oxides are a group of seven gases and compounds which is composed of nitrogen and oxygen and collectively known as NOx gases. Some of the sources of Nitrogen oxides emission are Thermal power plants, industries, and vehicles.

Notes:
Black carbon is a component of fine particulate matter which is produced by the incomplete combustion. Some of the prominent sources of Balck carbon are:
1) Biomass burning,
2) Cooking with solid fuels, and
3) Diesel exhaust

Notes:
Some of the advantages of Bio-Energy are as follows:
1. It is capital efficient.
2. It has high energy generation potential.
3. It has significant carbon emission reduction potential.
4. It is helpful in wasteland regeneration.

Notes:
Global hectare used as a measurement of biocapacity of the entire earth. One global hectare is a measurement of the average biocapacity of all hectare measurements of any biologically productive areas on the planet earth.

Notes:
The Convention on Wetlands, called the Ramsar Convention, is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the Convention was signed in 1971.

Notes:
Bandhavgarh National Park is located in the Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh. Bandhavgarh was declared a national park in 1968. This park is known for high density of Tigers. The park derives its name from the most prominent hillock of the area, which was said to be given by Hindu Lord Rama to his brother Lakshmana to keep a watch on Lanka (Ceylon).

Notes:
The Vikramashila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (VGDS) resides in Bhagalpur district, Bihar, covering about 50 km along the Ganges. It holds the distinction of being India’s only sanctuary for its national aquatic animal, the Gangetic dolphin. The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Control (MoEFCC) declared the Gangetic dolphin as the National Aquatic Animal of India and launched the Ganges River Dolphin Conservation Programme in 1997 – a testament to its dedication to preserving this unique species.

Notes:
Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary is a marine wildlife sanctuary located in Odisha that is the world’s largest nesting beach for Olive Ridley Turtles. It extends from Dhamra River mouth in the north to Brahmani river mouth in the south. It is the one of world’s most important nesting beach for turtles.

Notes:
Thalweg Doctrine is a part of international law that aims to resolve water boundary disputes. The doctrine states that the boundary between two states divided by a flowing body of water may be drawn along the thalweg, which is the line of the greatest depth of the channel. The boundary would follow the center of the principal navigable channel of the waterway.

The Thalweg Doctrine has been used in several disputes, including:

1. The Shatt al-Arab between Iraq and Iran
2. The Danube in central Europe (Croatia–Serbia border dispute)
3. The Kasikili/Sedudu Island dispute between Namibia and Botswana
4. The 2004 dispute settlement under the UN Law of the Sea

The Thalweg Doctrine has also been used in the Sir Creek dispute between India and Pakistan. The dispute is not settled yet due to a lack of trust.