Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

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With a share of almost 30 percent of the world’s total CO2 emissions, China tops the ranking of the largest green house gas emitter and the USA is the second largest Greenhouse Gas emitter.

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Brown carbon is brown smoke which is released by the combustion of organic matter along with black carbon. Some of the sources of Brown carbon are:
1) Biomass burning or domestic burning of wood.
2) smoke from agricultural fires

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REDD+ includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. It was first negotiated under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2005.

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To achieve Sustainability, United Nations General Assembly stout the agenda 2030 to achieve the 17 goals. It includes:
1) To end poverty and hunger
2) To provide better Education.
3) To achieve gender equality

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The post-analysis of any disaster is most important so as to prepare ourselves for the next one. Three methods are used to determine the level of Hard by any man-made or natural hazard which includes:
1) Magnitude.
2) Frequency and
3) Intensity

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Biopiracy refers to the theft of genetic materials especially plants and other biological materials by the process of patent. It is a situation where indigenous knowledge of nature, originating with indigenous people, is exploited for commercial gain without permission and compensation.

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Carbon Footprint is a measurement of all greenhouse gases that we produce individually and has units of tonnes (or kg) of carbon dioxide equivalent. It is made up of the sum of two parts, i.e., the primary footprint and the secondary footprint.

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Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic i.e. it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It is caused by emissions of oxides of sulphur (SO2 or SO3) and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.

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In ecology, the trophic level is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain – what it eats, and what eats it. Ecosystem represents the most complex trophic level. Each species in an ecosystem is affected by the other species in that ecosystem. There are very few single prey-single predator relationships. Most prey are consumed by more than one predator, and most predators have more than one prey. It is also marked by multi trophic interactions that involve more than two trophic levels in a food web.

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The Taj Mahal, is slowly turning brownish-yellow because of air pollution, also called “Marble cancer”. The Industries located in and around Agra especially the Mathura oil refinery have been responsible for producing pollutants. Emissions of sulphur dioxide around the Taj Mahal are twice the permissible levels. Now, researchers found 3% of the deposits to be black carbon, around 30% organic carbon (or brown carbon) and most of the rest dust. Black carbon is emitted by vehicles and other machines that burn fossil fuels.