Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

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The sanctioned strength of the tribunal constituted under NGT 2010 is 20 expert members and 20 judicial members. Every bench of such tribunal must consist of at least one expert member and one judicial member.

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Global warming can be defined as the century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its related effects. Among all the given gases only Carbon dioxide contributes to the Global warming.

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According to the Emissions Gap Report which is released by the United Nations Environment Programme, the top four emitters of greenhouse gases globally are China, India, United States of America and the European Union.

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REDD+ includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. It was first negotiated under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2005.

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The Paris Agreement aimed to hold the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre industrial levels. Efforts were to be aimed to limit temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.

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Indian Network on Climate Change Assessment consists of over 120 institutions and over 250 scientists country wide. It carries out research on the effects of climate change in different regions and sectors in India and also suggests suitable adaptation and mitigation strategies.

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The phases involved in Environment Impact Assessment process in India are as follows: Screening, Scoping, Baseline data collection, Impact prediction, Assessment of alternatives, delineation of mitigation measures and environmental impact statement, Public hearing, Environment Management Plan, Decision making and Monitoring the clearance conditions.

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The Umbrella Group is a loose coalition of non-European Union developed countries. It was formed after the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. The umbrella group consists of 12 countries although there is no formal membership.

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In ecology, the trophic level is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain – what it eats, and what eats it. Ecosystem represents the most complex trophic level. Each species in an ecosystem is affected by the other species in that ecosystem. There are very few single prey-single predator relationships. Most prey are consumed by more than one predator, and most predators have more than one prey. It is also marked by multi trophic interactions that involve more than two trophic levels in a food web.

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Lichens can be used as air pollution indicators, especially of the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere. Air pollutants dissolved in rainwater, especially sulphur dioxide, can damage lichens, and prevent them from growing. This makes lichens natural indicators of air pollution.