Environment & Biodiversity MCQs
Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity Multiple choice questions for GK paper in SSC, NDA, CDS, UPSC, UPPSC and State PSC Examinations.
41. Dudhwa National Park is situated in which of the following states?
[A] Uttarakhand
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Chhattisgarh
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Uttar Pradesh]
Notes:
The Dudhwa National Park is a national park in the Terai belt of marshy grasslands of northern Uttar Pradesh, India. It became a tiger reserve in 1879 and was notified as a national park in January 1977.
42. Department of Environment was established in India in which of the following years?
[A] 1980
[B] 1982
[C] 1984
[D] 1986
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [1980]
Notes:
In the year 1980 the Department of Environment was established in India which was to ensure a healthy environment for the country. This department later became the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 1985.
43. Central Zoo Authority was established in which of the following years?
[A] 1991
[B] 1992
[C] 1993
[D] 1994
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1992]
Notes:
The Central Zoo Authority was established as a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment & Forests and climate change by the Government of India in the year 1992. It is responsible for oversight of zoos.
44. The environmental impact assessment in India was started in which of the following years?
[A] 1975-76
[B] 1976-77
[C] 1977-78
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1976-77]
Notes:
The environmental impact assessment in India began in the year 1976-77 when the Planning Commission
directed the then Department of Science and Technology to examine the river-valley projects from environmental angle.
45. The Umbrella Group is a negotiation group consisting of how many countries?
[A] 9
[B] 10
[C] 11
[D] 12
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [12]
Notes:
The Umbrella Group is a loose coalition of non-European Union developed countries. It was formed after the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. The umbrella group consists of 12 countries although there is no formal membership.
46. Which one of the following terms describes not only the physical space occupied by an organism, but also its functional role in the community of organisms?
[A] Eco-niche
[B] Ecosystem
[C] Ecozone
[D] Habitat
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Ecosystem]
Notes:
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with other living and nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. The nature of the organisms—the species, functional groups and trophic levels to which they belong—dictates the sorts of actions these individuals are capable of carrying out, and the relative efficiency with which they do so.
47. Green manure is obtained from _____:
[A] Oil seed husk cakes
[B] Decomposing green legume plants
[C] Domestic vegetable waste
[D] Fresh animal excreta
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Decomposing green legume plants]
Notes:
Green undecomposed material used as manure is called green manure. It is obtained in two ways: (a) growing green manure crops usually belonging to leguminous family and incorporating into the soil after sufficient growth or (b) by collecting green leaf from plants grown in wastelands, field bunds and forest. The most important green manure crops are sunnhemp, dhaincha, etc.
48. Microbial degradation of nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen is known as _____:
[A] Ammonification
[B] Denitrification
[C] Nitrification
[D] Putrefaction
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Denitrification]
Notes:
Denitrification is the biological conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas, nitric oxide or nitrous oxide. It involves nitrate reduction by bacterial species such as Pseudomonas and Clostridium, usually in anaerobic conditions that ultimately produces molecular nitrogen (N2). These bacteria use nitrate as an electron acceptor instead of oxygen during respiration.
49. In 1973, the Project Tiger was started in which National Park?
[A] Sanjay Gandhi
[B] Sunderbans
[C] Jim Corbett
[D] Bhitarkanika
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Jim Corbett]
Notes:
Jim Corbett believed in the conservation of the ecosystem and wildlife, especially tigers and that is why Jim Corbett National Park was chosen as the venue for the inauguration of ‘Save the tigers’ project in India. Project tiger was launched in 1973. Basic intention of Project Tiger is to maintain the ecological balance of nature and conserve extant ecosystems. The project seeks to establish a natural link between the wildlife & flora of national parks and sanctuaries and the humans living on their peripheries.
50. The term ‘Ecological sanitation’ is associated with:
[A] Plastic Waste
[B] Human excreta
[C] Air Pollution
[D] Vultures
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Human excreta]
Notes:
Ecological sanitation is a sustainable system for handling human excreta, using dry composting toilets. This is a practical, hygienic, efficient and cost-effective solution to human waste disposal. With this composting method, human excreta can be recycled into a resource (as natural fertiliser), which reduces the need for chemical fertilisers.