Environment & Biodiversity MCQs
Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity Multiple choice questions for GK paper in SSC, NDA, CDS, UPSC, UPPSC and State PSC Examinations.
41. Which of the following is called the place of origin an earthquake?
[A] Focus
[B] Hypercenter
[C] Epicenter
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Focus]
Notes:
The Focus of an earthquake, which is also called as a Hypocenter is the point of the origin of an earthquake whereas the epicenter is the point just exactly above the focus.
42. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Environment Impact Assessment Notification of 2006?
1. It divided developmental projects in two categories, i.e., Category A and Category B.
2. Category A’ projects are assessed at national level by the Impact Assessment Agency (IAA) and the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC).
3. Category B projects are assessed at state level.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Environment Impact Assessment Notification of 2006, divided developmental projects in two categories, i.e., Category A and Category B. Category A’ projects are assessed at national level by the Impact Assessment Agency (IAA) and the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC). Category B projects are assessed at state level.
43. Which of the following is an organism that obtains hydrogen or electrons from organic substrates?
[A] Lithophiles
[B] Organotroph
[C] Mixotroph
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Organotroph]
Notes:
Organisms that obtains hydrogen or electrons from organic substrates are known as Organotrophs. Some organotrophs such as animals and many bacteria can also be heterotrophs.
44. Which of the following statements are correct with respect to Xerosere?
1. It is a type of plant succession which is limited by water availability.
2. Xerosere originates on rock surfaces which are in an unweathered state.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 & 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
Notes:
Xerosere is a type of plant succession which is limited by water availability. Xerosere originates on rock surfaces which are in an unweathered state. There are different stages in a xerarch succession.
45. What amount of rainfall does an area typically receive to support grasslands and shrubs kind of vegetation?
[A] Less than 25 cm
[B] Between 25 cm and 75 cm
[C] Between 75 cm to 150 cm
[D] More than 150 cm
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Between 25 cm and 75 cm]
Notes:
Grasslands and shrubs ecosystems typically flourish in areas that receive 25 cm to 75 cm of rainfall per year. This range of rainfall is not sufficient for supporting dense forests but is adequate for grasses and shrubs. The richness and distribution of species are greatly affected by rainfall patterns and seasonality. Knowing the amount of rainfall helps in predicting vegetation type in a particular region, which is crucial for management and conservations strategies.
46. What was the main aim of Ramsar Convention?
[A] Bio-diversity Conservation
[B] Global Warming
[C] Conservation of wetlands
[D] Climate Change
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Conservation of wetlands]
Notes:
The Convention on Wetlands, called the Ramsar Convention, is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the Convention was signed in 1971.
47. What was the main aim of Basel Convention?
[A] Bio-diversity Conservation
[B] Global Warming
[C] Protection of Ozone layer
[D] Climate Change
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Bio-diversity Conservation]
Notes:
Basel Convention is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries (LDCs). It ultimately aims at biodiversity conservation.
48. Basel Protocol is related to which of the following?
[A] Ozone layer
[B] Sea water pollution
[C] Burning of forests
[D] Trans-boundary hazardous dumping
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Trans-boundary hazardous dumping]
Notes:
The Basel Protocol on Liability and Compensation was adopted at the Fifth Conference of Parties (COP 5) on10 December 1999. The objective of the Protocol is to provide for a comprehensive regime for liability as well as adequate and prompt compensation for damage resulting from the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and other wastes, including incidents occurring because of illegal traffic in those wastes.
49. Human Environment Conference 1972 was held at ____:
[A] Paris
[B] Geneva
[C] Australia
[D] Stockholm
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Stockholm]
Notes:
The conference was held in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, in 1972. The conference is widely recognized as the beginning of modern political and public awareness of global environmental problems.
50. The term ‘Ecological sanitation’ is associated with:
[A] Plastic Waste
[B] Human excreta
[C] Air Pollution
[D] Vultures
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Human excreta]
Notes:
Ecological sanitation is a sustainable system for handling human excreta, using dry composting toilets. This is a practical, hygienic, efficient and cost-effective solution to human waste disposal. With this composting method, human excreta can be recycled into a resource (as natural fertiliser), which reduces the need for chemical fertilisers.
