Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

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National Initiative On Climate Resilient Agriculture was launched by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research with funding from the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. It was launched in February 2011.

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The concept of sustainable development was described by the Bruntland Commission Report of 1987. It described sustainable development as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

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Aestivation refers to a state of animal dormancy. It takes place during times of heat and dryness, the hot dry season. Metabolic rate is lowered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions.

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Carbon Footprint is a measurement of all greenhouse gases that we produce individually and has units of tonnes (or kg) of carbon dioxide equivalent. It is made up of the sum of two parts, i.e., the primary footprint and the secondary footprint.

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Xerosere is a type of plant succession which is limited by water availability. Xerosere originates on rock surfaces which are in an unweathered state. There are different stages in a xerarch succession.

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Wildlife corridor or Green corridor is an area of habitat which connects wildlife populations separated by human activities. Wildlife corridors may be both natural or created. These corridors help animals that move between isolated patches on a daily basis and also those that migrate between habitats seasonally.

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Zero emission vehicles which are also called as ZEV’s are those vehicles that do not emit any tailpipe pollutants such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide from the onboard source of power.

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Aghanashini River forms estuary in the Kumta taluka of Uttar Kannada district.

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Use of chemical fertilisers and excessive use of chemical pesticides are primarily responsible for pollution of our water and land resources. Manure and pesticides contains nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, and pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and parasites. These pollutants contaminate water resources and reduce recreational potential of lakes and rivers, destroy wildlife habitat, and eliminate drinking water supplies for people and livestock.

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The ventilation coefficient (m2/s) is a product of maximum mixing depth and average wind speed. It is used as an indicator of the atmosphere’s dispersive capability. High potential for air pollution is generally associated with ventilation coefficient values of less than 6000 m2/s, as established by researchers Portelli and Lewis in 1987.