Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

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The Dudhwa National Park is a national park in the Terai belt of marshy grasslands of northern Uttar Pradesh, India. It became a tiger reserve in 1879 and was notified as a national park in January 1977.

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In the year 1980 the Department of Environment was established in India which was to ensure a healthy environment for the country. This department later became the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 1985.

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The Central Zoo Authority was established as a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment & Forests and climate change by the Government of India in the year 1992. It is responsible for oversight of zoos.

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The environmental impact assessment in India began in the year 1976-77 when the Planning Commission
directed the then Department of Science and Technology to examine the river-valley projects from environmental angle.

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The Umbrella Group is a loose coalition of non-European Union developed countries. It was formed after the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. The umbrella group consists of 12 countries although there is no formal membership.

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An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with other living and nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. The nature of the organisms—the species, functional groups and trophic levels to which they belong—dictates the sorts of actions these individuals are capable of carrying out, and the relative efficiency with which they do so.

Notes:
Green undecomposed material used as manure is called green manure. It is obtained in two ways: (a) growing green manure crops usually belonging to leguminous family and incorporating into the soil after sufficient growth or (b) by collecting green leaf from plants grown in wastelands, field bunds and forest. The most important green manure crops are sunnhemp, dhaincha, etc.

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Denitrification is the biological conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas, nitric oxide or nitrous oxide. It involves nitrate reduction by bacterial species such as Pseudomonas and Clostridium, usually in anaerobic conditions that ultimately produces molecular nitrogen (N2). These bacteria use nitrate as an electron acceptor instead of oxygen during respiration.

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Jim Corbett believed in the conservation of the ecosystem and wildlife, especially tigers and that is why Jim Corbett National Park was chosen as the venue for the inauguration of ‘Save the tigers’ project in India. Project tiger was launched in 1973. Basic intention of Project Tiger is to maintain the ecological balance of nature and conserve extant ecosystems. The project seeks to establish a natural link between the wildlife & flora of national parks and sanctuaries and the humans living on their peripheries.

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Ecological sanitation is a sustainable system for handling human excreta, using dry composting toilets. This is a practical, hygienic, efficient and cost-effective solution to human waste disposal. With this composting method, human excreta can be recycled into a resource (as natural fertiliser), which reduces the need for chemical fertilisers.