Environment & Biodiversity MCQs
Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity Multiple choice questions for GK paper in SSC, NDA, CDS, UPSC, UPPSC and State PSC Examinations.
41. Which of the following are micro-organisms that can live within the pore interstices of sedimentary and even igneous rocks to depths of several kilometers?
[A] Lithotroph
[B] Hemotrophs
[C] Lithophiles
[D] Phototrophs
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Lithophiles]
Notes:
Micro-organisms that can live within the pore interstices of sedimentary and even igneous rocks to depths of several kilometers are referred to as Lithophiles. Some of these mico-organisms are known to live on surface rocks, and make use of photosynthesis for energy.
42. Where is Lingambudhi Lake located?
[A] Bengaluru
[B] Hubbali
[C] Mysuru
[D] Shivamogga
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Mysuru]
Notes:
Lingambudhi Lake is situated in Mysuru city, Karnataka. Mysuru is known for its lakes and parks, and Lingambudhi Lake is a well-known water body in this region. It serves as an important ecological and recreational area within the city limits.
43. What was the main aim of Ramsar Convention?
[A] Bio-diversity Conservation
[B] Global Warming
[C] Conservation of wetlands
[D] Climate Change
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Conservation of wetlands]
Notes:
The Convention on Wetlands, called the Ramsar Convention, is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the Convention was signed in 1971.
44. Which of the following diseases are due to water pollution?
[A] Cholera
[B] Typhoid
[C] Both Cholera and Typhoid
[D] Neither Cholera Nor Typhoid
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both Cholera and Typhoid]
Notes:
Waterborne diseases are conditions caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted in water as Cholera and Typhoid. Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Typhoid fever is caused by bacterium Salmonella Typhi.
45. Which of the following is an air pollutant?
I. Water vapour
II. Carbon dioxide
III. Hydrogen Gas
[A] Only I
[B] Only II
[C] Only III
[D] Both II and III
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only II]
Notes:
An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. Because of its role as a greenhouse gas Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been described as “the leading pollutant” and “the worst climate pollution”. Other examples include carbon monoxide gas from motor vehicle exhaust, or the Sulphur dioxide released from factories.
46. Which among the following helps in monitoring air pollution?
[A] Lichen
[B] Bacteria
[C] Algae
[D] Fungi
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Lichen]
Notes:
Lichens are actually two types of organisms living together, a fungus and an alga. The fungus makes the body that protects the alga and the alga provides the food for the fungus. Lichens can be used as air pollution indicators, especially of the concentration of Sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere.
47. Which of the following gas leaked in the Bhopal Gas tragedy in December 1984?
[A] Methyl isocyanate
[B] Methyl isochlorate
[C] Methyl phosphate
[D] Methyl isopropate
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Methyl isocyanate]
Notes:
In the gas tragedy that occurred at the Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, on 2-3 December 1984, over 500,000 people were exposed to toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas and other chemicals. An estimated 10,000 or more people died in human disaster.
48. Which among the following represents plateau phase in population?
[A] Birth rate and Death rate are equal
[B] Birth rate and death rate are not equal
[C] Birth rate is higher than death rate
[D] Death rate is more than birth rate
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Birth rate and Death rate are equal]
Notes:
During the plateau phase, population size is constant so no more growth occurs. This is the result of natality rate being equal to mortality rate and is caused by resources becoming scarce as well as an increase in predators, diseases and parasites.
49. Which of the wildlife sanctuary is not correctly matched with respective state?
[A] Ranthambhore- Rajasthan
[B] Simlipal- Bihar
[C] Bandipur- Tamil Nadu
[D] Manas- Uttar Pradesh
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Ranthambhore- Rajasthan]
Notes:
Ranthambore National park is spread over an area of 392 sq km. along with its nearby sanctuaries like, the Mansingh Sanctuary and Kaila Devi Sanctuary. The park is majorly famous for its tigers, and is one of the best locations in India to see the majestic predators in its natural habitat.
50. In an ecosystem, the movement of energy towards the higher trophic levels is:
[A] Multi-directional
[B] Unidirectional
[C] Undefined
[D] None of the flow
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Unidirectional]
Notes:
In any ecosystem, there is conversion of inorganic into organic material with the help of the radiant energy of the sun by the autotrophs; consumption of the autotrophs by heterotrophs; decomposition and mineralisation of the dead matter to release them back for reuse by the autotrophs, these events are repeated over and over again. There is unidirectional movement of energy towards the higher trophic levels and its dissipation and loss as heat to the environment.
