Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

Notes:
Suspended particulate matter consists of solids in the form of smoke, dust, and vapour in the air that can remain suspended for extended periods and is also the main source of haze which reduces visibility. The finer of these particles of these pollutants when breathed in can lodge in our lungs and cause lung damage and respiratory problems.

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With a share of almost 30 percent of the world’s total CO2 emissions, China tops the ranking of the largest green house gas emitter and the USA is the second largest Greenhouse Gas emitter.

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Photosynthesis is the process by virtue of which the green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During the process of photosynthesis, plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere hence reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Notes:
There are 8 missions contained in India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change which are as follows: National Solar Mission, National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, National Mission on Sustainable Habitat, National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem, National Mission for Green India, National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, National Mission on Strategic Knowledge on Climate Change and National Bio-Energy Mission.

Notes:
The phases involved in Environment Impact Assessment process in India are as follows: Screening, Scoping, Baseline data collection, Impact prediction, Assessment of alternatives, delineation of mitigation measures and environmental impact statement, Public hearing, Environment Management Plan, Decision making and Monitoring the clearance conditions.

Notes:
Kewra or keya bushes are also the most common vegetation
of these forests, which grow in clumps
or group. Kewra is widely utilized as a plantation species to create a shelter belt along the coastal areas and offshore islands of Bangladesh.

Notes:
West Bengal, in 2019, accounted for the second-highest number of deaths linked to air pollution — 20.8 per cent of overall deaths — after Rajasthan in the country. Bardhaman (undivided) topped the pollution chart with 171.95 micrograms per cubic meter PM 10 concentration, nearly three times above limit.

Notes:
India’s first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park to protect the endangered Bengal tiger. It is now known as Jim Corbett National Park. It is located in Nainital district of Uttarakhand and was named after Jim Corbett, a British- Indian hunter and tracker-turned-conservationist, who played a key role in its establishment.

Notes:
Mylo is a leather-like material made from mycelium, the underground root structure of mushrooms. Mylo is a sustainable alternative to leather because it can be grown without polluting substances. It is also more sustainable than synthetic leathers, which are usually made from petroleum-derived inputs.
Mylo is grown in a controlled indoor environment. The growing process is designed to be low impact and takes less than two weeks. It emits fewer greenhouse gases and uses less water and resources than animal-based leather.
Mylo is 80% bio-based and is completely biodegradable and compostable. However, when extra durability is needed, the mushroom leather is reinforced with polyurethane, which decreases its biodegradability.

Notes:
Ecological sanitation is a sustainable system for handling human excreta, using dry composting toilets. This is a practical, hygienic, efficient and cost-effective solution to human waste disposal. With this composting method, human excreta can be recycled into a resource (as natural fertiliser), which reduces the need for chemical fertilisers.