Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

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Water pollution is the addition of undesirable substances in water such as organic, inorganic, biological, radiological, etc. It is not only confined to surface water, but it has also spread to groundwater, sea, and ocean. The industries discharge several inorganic and organic pollutants, which may prove highly toxic to living beings.

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The International Renewable Energy Agency is the first international organization to focus exclusively on renewable energy. It was founded in 2009 & entered into force on 8 July 2010. It is headquartered in Masdar City, Abu Dhabi.

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The Article 48A of the Indian Constitution states that “The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country”.

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The Atomic Energy Act of 1982 was introduced to deal with radioactive wastes. “Atomic Energy” refers to energy released from atomic nuclei as a result of any process, including the fission and fusion processes.

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Brown carbon is brown smoke which is released by the combustion of organic matter along with black carbon. Some of the sources of Brown carbon are:
1) Biomass burning or domestic burning of wood.
2) smoke from agricultural fires

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The branches of sustainability include the environment, the needs of present and future generations and the economy. Sustainable development is the type of development that meets the needs of the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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The post-analysis of any disaster is most important so as to prepare ourselves for the next one. Three methods are used to determine the level of Hard by any man-made or natural hazard which includes:
1) Magnitude.
2) Frequency and
3) Intensity

Notes:
Grasslands and shrubs ecosystems typically flourish in areas that receive 25 cm to 75 cm of rainfall per year. This range of rainfall is not sufficient for supporting dense forests but is adequate for grasses and shrubs. The richness and distribution of species are greatly affected by rainfall patterns and seasonality. Knowing the amount of rainfall helps in predicting vegetation type in a particular region, which is crucial for management and conservations strategies.

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Water is one of the abiotic factors that are nonliving chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. They affect living organisms in terms of growth, maintenance, and reproduction. A biotic factor is any living component that affects the population of another organism, or the environment.

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The Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves, a UNESCO World Heritage site, encompasses 25 protected areas spanning 4,700 km² in Brazil. It features diverse landscapes from karst mountains to coastal wetlands, showcasing exceptional scenic beauty. The site is home to over 450 tree species per hectare, with 70% of tree species, 85% of primates, and 39% of mammals being endemic. It supports 120 mammal species, including the jaguar and black-faced lion tamarin, and 350 bird species. The area contains the largest number of karst caves in Brazil and is a crucial ecological corridor for the Atlantic Forest biome. Despite being one of the most threatened biomes, the site remains a vital hub for biodiversity conservation and research.