Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

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Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns. Rise in Sea level, Bleaching of Coral Reefs, and Widespread vanishing of animal populations are some of the impacts of Global Warming.

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Climatologists are atmospheric scientists who study the Earth’s climate. They are the ones who are responsible to measures the rate of global warming. Global warming is accelerating faster than that calculated by climatologists.

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Disaster Management is a combination of strategic planning and procedure which helps us from severe damages when natural or human-made calamities and catastrophic even occur. It includes Mitigation, Reconstruction, and Rehabilitation.

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The Bhopal gas tragedy also referred to as the Bhopal disaster is considered among the world’s worst industrial disasters. It was a gas leak incident on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant which is located in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

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The Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) was established in 2001 and is operated by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). It was established to support these countries work programme under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

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Special Climate Change Fund was established in 2001. Adaptation to climate change is the top priority of the Special Climate Change Fund. The financial mechanism is operated by the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

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Phenotype refers to a set of observable characteristics of an individual or group resulting from the interaction of its genotype with its environment. Gene pool refers to the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

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Green undecomposed material used as manure is called green manure. It is obtained in two ways: (a) growing green manure crops usually belonging to leguminous family and incorporating into the soil after sufficient growth or (b) by collecting green leaf from plants grown in wastelands, field bunds and forest. The most important green manure crops are sunnhemp, dhaincha, etc.

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The Gondwana Rainforests, designated as a World Heritage Site, are located in southeast Queensland and northeast New South Wales in Australia. They personify extraordinary instances of Earth’s evolutionary phases, with over 50 sheltered areas playing host to more than 200 rare or endangered species. These rainforests are remnants from the ancient supercontinent Gondwana, evident through tree lineages such as Red and Yellow Carabeen. Unfortunately, they are threatened by climate change and provide important habitats for scarce species like the Hastings River Mouse and Parma Wallaby. Drawing around 2 million tourists each year, these vast rainforests cover an impressive 366,500 hectares.

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The Pantanal Conservation Area, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, accounts for 1.3% of the vast Pantanal wetland in Brazil and spans across 187,818 hectares. It provides shelter for more than 650 bird species, 325 fish species, and 80 mammal species, including giant armadillo and jaguar. The area’s unique ecosystem extends from floodplains to the Amolar Mountains, supporting diverse habitats and maintaining regional fish stocks. Moreover, it is an all-important breeding ground for wetland birds and refuge for globally threatened species like the hyacinth macaw. Additionally, it is a Ramsar Wetland and a UNESCO Man & Biosphere Reserve.