Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity MCQs
Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity Multiple choice questions for GK paper in SSC, NDA, CDS, UPSC, UPPSC and State PSC Examinations.
21. If you travel through western ghats, you are likely to see:
1. Lion-tailed Macaque
2. Markhor
3. Hoolock gibbon
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] 1 & 2
[C] 1, 2 & 3
[D] 1 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
Notes:
Lion Tailed Macaque is found only in Western Ghats. Markhor and Hoolock Gibbons are found in Himalayas.
22. Why the biodiesel made of vegetable oil does not perform well in cold climates?
- Vegetable oil is rich in unsaturated fats
- Vegetable Oil is rich in saturated fat
- Ice Crystals tend to form in Vegetable oil in cold climates
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 3
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1
[D] Only 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [ Only 2 & 3]
Notes:
Generally the biodiesel made from vegetable oil does not perform well in cold climates. This is because the vegetable oil is high in saturated fats and the ice crystals tend to form in the biodiesel. Further, the biodiesel obtained from certain crops such as canola oil is low in saturated fat, it is harder for ice to materialize in frigid temperatures, it is found to be showing excellent performance in cold climates too.
23. National Green Tribunal (NGT) has been frequently making news in recent times. Which among the following is / are features of NGT?
- A decision by NGT is equivalent to a decree of a civil court
- A decision by NGT is subject to judicial review by Supreme Court
Which among the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]
Notes:NGT has Original as well as Appellate jurisdiction on over all civil cases where a substantial dispute is related to the matters that are connected to Water Pollution, Forest Conservation, Air Pollution, Environment Protection and Biological Diversity. These disputes may be related to any of the following acts:
- The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974;
- The Water (Prevention and Control o[Pollution) Cess Act, 1977;
- The Forest (Conservation) Act
- The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;
- The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;
- The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991;
- The Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
Powers: The Tribunal has power to provide
- Relief and compensation to the victims of pollution and other environmental damage
- Restitution of property damaged;
- Restitution of the environment for such area or areas, as the Tribunal may think fit.
24. Consider the following statements with respect to the term "Flex-Fuels" which were recently making news:
- Flex fuels are prepared from animal fats or vegetable oils.
- Flex fuels reduces sulphur dioxide, lead and zinc emissions.
- Flex fuels are less volatile and have lower octane rating than petrol.
Which of the above is / are correct statements?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 2
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ Only 2]
Notes:
First statement is incorrect because bio-diesel is prepared from renewable resources such as animal fats or vegetable oils. But only diesel engines can run on biodiesel and not all engines can cope with it. Flex fuel involves bio-ethanol and petrol, or a blend of both. Ethanol is largely seen as a environmentally friendly alternative to petrol. It is made from the fermentation of crops such as sugarcane in Brazil and soybean in the US. Second statement is correct because flex fuels reduce emission of sulphur dioxide, lead and zinc depending upon blending. Third statement is incorrect because flex fuels are less volatile, but have higher octane ratings than petroleum. Also, note that E-85 is a flex fuel, which has 85 percent ethanol with 15 percent petrol blending. Ethanol is produced from cane molasses, a by-product of the sugar production process. So, at present, the most obvious and reliable source of bio-ethanol in India is sugarcane. With India being the world’s second largest sugar market, government wishes to shift to flex fuels, with minimum 10 per cent blending. Furthermore, flex-fuel and biofuels in general, are promoted because they are cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels.
25. Which of the following can be reduced to zero by complete water recycling in industries and households?
- Blue water footprint
- Grey water footprint
- Green water footprint
Select the correct option from codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [ Only 1 & 2 ]
Notes:
Green water footprint is not related to industries and household. It is related to agriculture.
26. Guar gum:
1. is used in Hydraulic Fracturing Process.
2. is more viscous when compared to water
3. is produced mainly in western India
Which of the above is / are correct statements?
[A] 1 & 3 Only
[B] 2 & 3 Only
[C] 1 & 2 Only
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
All given statements are correct.
27. In context of various environmental treaties, consider the following statements:
- Rotterdam convention promotes safe handling and open exchange of information on international trade of certain hazardous chemicals
- Basel Convention promotes the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their Disposal
- Stockholm convention aims at conscious of the need for global action on persistent organic pollutants
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 3 Only
[B] 1 and 2 Only
[C] 1, 2 and 3 Only
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ 1, 2 and 3 Only]
Notes:
All given statements are correct
28. As per recent reports of Greenpeace International, emission of which of the following pollutants by thermal power plants has increased maximum within last 6 years in India?
[A] Sulphur dioxide
[B] Nitrogen oxides
[C] PM2.5
[D] PM10
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [ Sulphur dioxide ]
Notes:
As per recent reports of Greenpeace International, emission of the toxic sulphur dioxide gas increased by 31 per cent from 2009 to 2015. The emission of nitrogen dioxide, increased by 20 per cent during the same period and the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increased by 13 per cent.
29. Consider the following pollutants:
- Ground level ozone
- Sulphur oxides
- Volatile organic compounds
Which of the above is/are primary pollutant(s)?
[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 & 3 Only
[C] 1 & 2 Only
[D] 2 Only
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [ 2 & 3 Only]
Notes:
Ground level ozone is a secondary pollutant
30. Aerosols are minute particles suspended in the atmosphere, and are known to reduce primary productivity on earth. How they contribute in reducing primary productivity?
[A] By decreasing oxygen concentration
[B] By preventing nitrogen fixation
[C] By decreasing atmospheric albedo
[D] By increasing atmospheric albedo
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [ By increasing atmospheric albedo]
Notes:
Fourth option is the correct answer. Increase in atmospheric albedo reduces the rate of photosynthesis by plants on earth.
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