GS-II: Polity & Constitution of India

Anti Defection Law and Legislative Discipline

The Supreme Court’s August 2026 notice to twenty rebel Trinamool Congress MPs has renewed focus on delayed disqualification under the Tenth Schedule. This case brings renewed attention to...

August 25, 2026

Hijab, Religious Freedom and Institutional Dress Codes

The Allahabad High Court’s dismissal of a student’s plea to wear a hijab with her uniform in Sukaina Rizvi v. State of U.P. (2026) has renewed the constitutional...

August 25, 2026

Land Acquisition, Consent, and the Limits of State Power

The Lucknow Bench of the Allahabad High Court, in a judgment delivered on August 21, 2026, held that government authorities cannot force private landowners to execute sale deeds...

August 23, 2026

Electronic Voting Machines

Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) was first used in 1982 in the by-election to Parur Assembly Constituency of Kerala for a limited number of polling stations (50 polling stations)....

April 19, 2024

IrDA and Insurance Ombudsman in India

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IrDA) is an autonomous, apex and statutory body which regulates and develops the insurance industry in India. It was established under IrDA act...

October 12, 2016

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was established in 1988, however, it got statutory mandate and powers under the SEBI Act, 1992. Its objective is to protect...

October 12, 2016

Central Commissioner for Disabled Persons

The office of Central Commissioner for Disabled Persons {or Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities aka CCPD} was set up under Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of...

October 12, 2016

National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)

This commission was created under the National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993 in the aftermath of Mandal Case (1992) judgement. The Supreme in this case had directed...

October 12, 2016

National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)

The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights is a statutory body set up in 2007 under Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005. Objective of this...

October 12, 2016

Issues with Cadre Based Organisation of Civil Services in India

Once the candidatures are selected for All India Services, they are allocated cadres. By cadre we mean the small units of a large organization. The officers of All...

September 30, 2016

Redressal of Consumer Disputes in India

According to the Consumer protection Act, consumer dispute is defined as a dispute in which the person against whom a complaint has been made denies or disputes the...

September 27, 2016

Over- tribunalisation and Tribunal Reforms

At present, there are a large number of central tribunals (36 in number) leading to over- tribunalisation of dispensation of justice in the country. In a recent report,...

September 27, 2016