1. Consider the following statements with reference to the Sendai Framework:
- It is an initiative launched by the World Meteorological Organization in 2015 in Sendai, Japan.
- It is the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action.
- It seeks to save lives, assets, and livelihoods through increased access to early weather warnings and risk information for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS).
Which of the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 2
[B] Only 1 and 2
[C] Only 2 and 3
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 2]
Notes:
The Sendai Framework was adopted at the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan in 2015. It is indeed the successor to the Hyogo Framework for Action. However, it was not an initiative of the World Meteorological Organization, nor does it specifically focus only on early warnings for LDCs or SIDS. These features pertain to the CREWS initiative.
2. With reference to silver metal, consider the following statements:
- It exhibits the highest electrical conductivity among all metals.
- It reflects almost all wavelengths in the visible spectrum.
- The metal is found in the Earth’s crust only as an alloy and not in pure, free elemental form.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 1 and 2
[C] Only 1 and 3
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 1 and 2]
Notes:
Silver has the highest electrical conductivity and also has excellent reflectivity in the visible spectrum, making statements 1 and 2 correct. However, statement 3 is incorrect as silver is found both as a free native element and as an alloy in the Earth’s crust. Thus, only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
3. Which of the following statements about Mangroves is/are correct?
- They can survive in saline waters.
- They need high oxygen levels for respiration.
- They are viviparous meaning their seeds germinate while still attached to the parent tree.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 1 & 3]
Notes:- Mangroves are defined as assemblages of salt tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in the intertidal regions of the tropical and subtropical coastlines.
- They grow luxuriantly in the places where freshwater mixes with seawater and where sediment is composed of accumulated deposits of mud.
- They can survive under extreme hostile environments such as high salt and low oxygen conditions.
- Underground tissue of any plant needs oxygen for respiration. But in a mangrove environment, the oxygen in soil is limited or nil.
- For the purpose of breathing, they develop special roots called pneumatophores.
- With their roots submerged in water, mangrove trees thrive in hot, muddy, salty conditions that would quickly kill most plants.
- They are viviparous meaning their seeds germinate while still attached to the parent tree. Once germinated, the seedling grows into a propagule.
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