Supreme Court Allows Euthanasia of Rabid Stray Dogs

The Supreme Court of India on 19 May 2026 permitted the euthanasia of rabid, incurably ill, or demonstrably dangerous stray dogs. The order was passed by a bench of Justices Vikram Nath, Sandeep Mehta, and N.V. Anjaria. The court linked the direction to public safety and to the handling of stray dogs under the Animal Birth Control Rules 2023.

Legal Basis for Euthanasia

Euthanasia in this context refers to the lawful killing of an animal to end suffering or to prevent a public health risk. The court directed that euthanasia must follow the Animal Birth Control Rules 2023 and other applicable statutory protocols. The decision requires assessment by qualified veterinary experts before any such action.

Stray Dog Control and Public Institutions

The court dismissed pleas seeking modification of its 7 November 2025 order on stray dogs. That order directed the removal of stray dogs from public places such as educational institutions, hospitals, and bus stands. It also barred the return of sterilised and vaccinated dogs to the same locations.

Animal Birth Control Framework

The Animal Birth Control (ABC) framework is the statutory system for sterilisation, vaccination, and population management of stray dogs in India. The court directed States and Union Territories to strengthen this framework by establishing at least one fully functional ABC centre in each district. It also asked them to ensure adequate availability of anti-rabies medicines.

Important Facts for Exams

• Rabies is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system and is almost always fatal after symptoms appear.
• The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, is a key law governing animal welfare in India.
• Animal Birth Control Rules, 2023, provide the legal framework for sterilisation and vaccination of stray dogs.
• India has faced repeated public health concerns linked to dog bite cases and rabies control.

Official Protection and Implementation

The court stated that officials implementing its directions would receive protection from criminal proceedings for acts done in good faith during official duty. The order applies to actions taken under the court’s directions on stray dog management and public safety.