World History MCQs

Notes:
Iran and the United States of America are the two countries that are the parties involved in the “Algiers Accords”. The Algiers Accords of January 19, 1981, was a set of agreements between the United States and Iran to resolve the Iran hostage crisis, brokered by the Algerian government and signed in Algiers on January 19, 1981. The crisis arose from the takeover of the American embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979, and the taking hostage of the American staff there. By this accord, the 52 American citizens were set free and able to leave Iran.

Notes:
Iraq gained independence in 1932 from the United Kingdom. In April 1920 the British Mandate of Mesopotamia was created under the authority of the League of Nations. A British-backed monarchy joining the vilayets into one Kingdom was established in 1921 under Faisal I of Iraq. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from the UK in 1932.

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Malaysia is an island country which is located in the south east Asia. The country was a British Protectorate until 1957.

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After the WWI was over, the question of dividing the colonies and territories of defeated parties arose. It was solved by the ‘Mandate’ system which was devised in the charter of League of Nations. Theoretically, these mandate holders were supposed to oversee a transition to ‘responsible governments’ in their mandated countries. But, imperial powers had secretly divided these areas between themselves as spoils of war. So, statement 1 is correct. The Ottoman Empire had lost in the WWI. Previously, it had controlled a large area in the West Asia, which was to be taken away. Britain and France decided to split these areas among themselves. Consequently, Britain took Transjordan, Iraq and Palestine under its ‘Mandate’; France received ‘Syria’ and ‘Lebanon’. Elsewhere, Japan, South Africa, Portugal, etc. benefited from the ‘Mandate’ system. So, statement 2 is correct.

Notes:
At the end of 19th century, the British Empire was the biggest in the world, both in terms of the number of people over whom it rules and the area under its rule. The population of her colonial possessions extending over an area of 23 million square kilometer was about 400 millions. France ruled over an empire of over 10 million square kilometer inhabited by over 50 million people. So, statement 1 is incorrect. Within a short period of time after the beginning of  ‘Scramble for Africa’, European imperial powers had carved it out among themselves. In the Berlin Congress, entire Africa was divided between different European powers. At the end of WWI, only Liberia and Ethiopia were free from any sort of colonial control. So, statement 2 is incorrect.

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The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. It began in Great Britain and then spread to Western Europe and the United States.

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On February 21, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon arrived in China, becoming the first U.S. president to do so since China was established in 1949. This was an important event because the U.S. was seeking to improve relations with a Communist country during the Cold War.

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German dictator Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) advocated Nazism in Germany. led the extreme nationalist and racist Nazi party and served as chancellor-president of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Nazism advocated militant nationalism, war and aggressive imperialism and precipitated the outbreak of the Second World War. Nazism under Hitler led to the extermination of approximately 6 million Jews.

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The Marshall Plan was an American initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. Thus, b is the correct answer.

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Spain planned to reach the east by sailing westwards. On August 10, 1519, Ferdinand Magellan had sailed with five Spanish ships – namely, Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepcion, Victoria, and Santiago- from the port of Sevilla.