World History MCQs

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The United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) was a political party whose aim was to bring about Ghanaian independence from their British colonial masters after the Second World War. The United Gold Coast Convention appointed its leaders to include Kwame Nkrumah, who was the Secretary-General.

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The Modern Greek Enlightenment, also known as “Diafotismos”, “enlightenment,” “illumination”, was the Greek expression of the Age of Enlightenment. The Greek Enlightenment was given impetus by the Greek predominance in trade and education in the Ottoman Empire. Greek merchants financed a large number of young Greeks to study in universities in Italy and the German states. There they were introduced to the ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. It was the wealth of the extensive Greek merchant class that provided the material basis for the intellectual revival that was the prominent feature of Greek life in the half-century and more leading to 1821.

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Haitian Rebels and France were the belligerents of the “Battle of Vertieres, 1803”. The Battle of Vertieres was the last major battle of the Haitian Revolution, and the final part of the Haitian Revolution under Jean Jacques Dessalines. It was fought on 18 November 1803 between Haitian indigenous army, and Napoleon’s French expeditionary forces, who were openly committed to re-enslave the former enslaved people and regain control of the island.

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Iran was the supply route in the “Persian Corridor” by which British aid and American Lend-Lease supplies were transferred to the Soviet Union during World War II. The Persian Corridor was a supply route through Iran into Soviet Azerbaijan by which British aid and American Lend-Lease supplies were transferred to the Soviet Union during World War II. Of the 17.5 million long tons of U.S. Lend-Lease aid provided to Russia, 7.9 million long tons (45%) were sent through Iran.

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Woodrow Wilson was the President of USA. When USA decided to join the WWI on the side of allies, Wilson proposed a ‘fourteen-point proposal’ for any future peace negotiation for the post-WWI global order. This proposal was to be taken up in the Paris Peace Conference held after the surrender of Germany in WWI. Among the proposals were territorial readjustments, Polish Corridor, disarmament, free trade, freedom of navigation, end to secret treaties, self-determination, setting up of League of Nations, etc.

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In Russia, the form of government was tyrannical. The Emperor, Czar, enjoyed unbridled power without any constitutional limit on his authority. Thus, statement 1 is correct. In the Revolution of 1905, Czar was forced to grant some concessions. He allowed formation of a parliament called Duma. However, it was soon filled by the cronies of czar and became toothless.It was eventually replaced in the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. So, statement 2 is correct. The term ‘Soviet’ means a council- mostly of industrial workers and locally stationed soldiers. During the Bolshevik revolution, local soviets were formed across Russia and these soviets sent delegates to a central Soviet. So, statement 3 is also correct.

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The Monroe Doctrine is the best known U.S. policy towards the Latin America. Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe in December 1823, the doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs. But, up to the end of 19th century, Latin America had begun to be seen as USA’s special sphere of interest, which was open to intervention only by the USA. In 1904, Roosevelt declared that the USA had the right not only to oppose European intervention in the American continent but to intervene itself in the internal affairs of her neighbours to maintain order. This is known as a new ‘corollary’ to the ‘Monroe Doctrine’. So, statement 1 is correct. For centuries, military generals, called Shoguns, exercised real power in Japan while the emperor was a mere figurehead. In 1853, Commodore Perry’s arrival was a bitter lesson for the Japanese that if they failed to modernize, they shall also be colonised. As a part of the modernisation process, the rule of Shoguns was an end and a new set of advisors and rulers came to the fore. They ruled in the name of the emperor, whose authority was restored in theory. This event is known as the Meiji restoration, after the title ‘Meiji’ which the new emperor took. So, statement 2 is also correct.

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The Great Depression, which had its origin in USA, affected the whole world. It was basically a deep economic recession that chipped away a significant portion of GDP of the European states and USA. But, in USA, some of the worst effects of the economic recession began to be remedied after 1933. This happened during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was first elected in 1932 and won three subsequent elections. The programme of reform which he started is known as the ‘New Deal’. A large program of welfare was initiated which alleviated the misery of many sections of the population. The New Deal was inspired from the Keynesian economic model, in which expansionary fiscal and monetary policies were used to spur the demand in the economy. This increased demand could boost production and employment. So, both the statements are correct.

Notes:
Sirimavo Bandaranaike was a Sri Lankan states woman. She became the world’s first non-hereditary female head of government in modern history, when she was elected Prime Minister of Sri Lanka in 1960. She served three terms: 1960–1965, 1970–1977 and 1994–2000.