World History MCQs

Notes:
Iran crisis of 1946 is also known as the “Azerbaijan Crisis”. The Iran crisis of 1946, also known as the Azerbaijan Crisis, was one of the first crises of the Cold War, sparked by the refusal of Joseph Stalin’s Soviet Union to relinquish occupied Iranian territory, despite repeated assurances. The end of World War II should have resulted at the end of the Allied joint occupation of Iran. Instead, Pro-Soviet Iranians proclaimed the separatist Azerbaijan People’s Government[5] and the Kurdish separatist Republic of Mahabad. The United States pressure on the Soviet Union to withdraw is the earliest evidence of success with the new strategy of Truman Doctrine and containment.

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The Korean was started in 1950 between the two Korean (North and South) countries. The war was ended in 1953.

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The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists who respected Marx’s ideas.Some Russian socialists felt that the Russian peasant custom of dividing land periodically made them natural socialists. So peasants, not workers, would be the main force of the revolution, and Russia could become socialist more quickly than other countries. They formed the Socialist Revolutionary Party in 1900. This party struggled for peasants’ rights and demanded that land belonging to nobles be transferred to peasants. The Social Democratic Workers Party disagreed with the Socialist Revolutionary Party about peasants. Lenin, a leader of the Social Democratic Workers Party, felt that peasants were not one united group. The Social Democratic Workers Party was also divided over the strategy of organisation. Vladimir Lenin (who led the Bolshevik group) thought that in a repressive society like Tsarist Russia the party should be disciplined and should control the number and quality of its members. So, statement 1 is incorrect. Others (Mensheviks) thought that the party should be open to all (as in Germany). Thus, statement 2 is incorrect.

Notes:
Woodrow Wilson was the President of USA. When USA decided to join the WWI on the side of allies, Wilson proposed a ‘fourteen-point proposal’ for any future peace negotiation for the post-WWI global order. This proposal was to be taken up in the Paris Peace Conference held after the surrender of Germany in WWI. Among the proposals were territorial readjustments, Polish Corridor, disarmament, free trade, freedom of navigation, end to secret treaties, self-determination, setting up of League of Nations, etc.

Notes:
Socialist Parties had been organised in many countries of Europe, including France. Some of them had a large following also. In 1871, the first revolution inspired by the ideas of socialism had taken place in Paris. It is known in the history as the ‘Paris Commune’. This event is entangled with the ‘Franco-Prussian War’. The ‘Commune’ governed the city of Paris for some time. It represented the interest of workers, labourers and soldiers. But, its rule lasted only a few months as the French national forces supported by international groups crushed it. But, it is a very significant international event. The unfolding of the ‘Paris Commune’ episode deeply impacted the theories and writings of Karl Marx.

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‘What Is the Third Estate?’ is a political pamphlet written by French thinker and clergyman Abbe Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes in January 1789, shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolution. In the pamphlet, Sieyes argued that the Third Estate – the common people of France – constituted a complete nation.

Notes:
The Constitution of the United States of America, adopted in 1788, provides the world’s first formal blueprint for a modern democracy. It provided for an elected government and protected civil rights and liberties for some. It led to representative democracy that is considered as an essential ingredient of any democracy. The achievement of white male suffrage in the early 19th century has earned the United States the title of “world’s first democracy”. It marked the first time that a large proportion of a national population could elect its representatives.

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The declaration contained 3 sections: a general statement of natural rights theory and the purpose of government, a list of grievances against the British King, and the declaration of independence from England. These rights are found in eternal “Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God.”

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The Marshall Plan was an American initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. Thus, b is the correct answer.

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Spain planned to reach the east by sailing westwards. On August 10, 1519, Ferdinand Magellan had sailed with five Spanish ships – namely, Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepcion, Victoria, and Santiago- from the port of Sevilla.