World History MCQs

Notes:
“Ruhollah Khomeini” was famous as the First Supreme Leader of Iran. Ruhollah Khomeini, also known as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian politician, revolutionary, and cleric. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the overthrow of the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country’s Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. Most of his reign was taken up by the Iran–Iraq War of 1980–1988. He was succeeded by Ali Khamenei on 4 June 1989.

Notes:
The NATO played a significant role by intervening in the Kosovo war to end the war in 1999.

Notes:
League of Nations had three constitutional organs- the Assembly, the Council and the Secretariat. But, it proved to be totally ineffective in maintaining peace and taking any effective steps against the aggressor countries that led the world towards WWII. Also, there could no progress towards the reduction of armaments. But, the two agencies created by the League did useful work. These were the Permanent Court of International Justice (popularly known as the World Court) and the International Labour Organisation. Both these bodies were later incorporated into the UNO system. So, option ‘c’ is the correct answer.

Notes:
In 1910, the British colonies vis. Natal and Cape Colony, the Boer States, the Orange Free State and the Transvaal had been brought together as a self-governing state- called the Union of South Africa. Some of these areas were conquered by the British in the WWI, the white population of South Africa was only 20% of the total population. The white people comprised people of British origin and the Boers, who were of Dutch origin. The Nationalist Party (NP) which was mainly the party of the Boers (or Afrikaners) was dominated by ideas of extreme white racism. It remained in power for a long time, because a vast majority simply could not vote. It advocated a policy of racial separation (apartheid) in order to maintain the social and political supremacy of the Whites. So, all the three statements are correct.

Notes:
The League of Nations was created after the Paris Peace Conference to maintain peace as well as promote security and friendly relations between nations. The League had an assembly, a Council and a Secretariat. In the assembly, all the member-countries were represented and each country had one vote. The council had initially 9 members out of whom five- Britain, France, Italy, Japan and USA- were to be permanent and four non-permanent members. So, the statement 1 is correct. The US did not join the League of Nations and her place on the council was taken by Germany when she was admitted in 1926. Germany’s admission came after a conference held in Locarno, Switzerland. So, the statement 2 is correct.

Notes:
In the 1850s, Charles Darwin, an English naturalist, presented a theory to explain organic evolution by natural selection. In a nutshell, his proposition implied that the species mutated randomly. Among these mutations, successful once survived and continued to live and reproduce. This idea was called the ‘Survival of the Fittest.’ According to Darwin, nature selects the successful variations which are allowed to propagate. This was term as a process of ‘natural selection.’ So, option ‘a’ is the correct answer.

Notes:
Boxer Rebellionwas a violent anti-foreign, anti-colonial and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China in 1900. It attempted to drive all foreigners who had a privileged position in China. “Boxers” was a name that foreigners gave to a Chinese secret society known as the Yihequan (Righteous and Harmonious Fists) that practiced certain boxing and calisthenic rituals.

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The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon.

Notes:
The League of the Three Emperors, also known as Dreikaiserbund, was an alliance between the German Empire, the Russian Empire and Austria-Hungary, from 1873 to 1887. It was part of the diplomatic web created by Otto Bismarck (1815–1898) to keep France isolated. The first League of the Three Emperors was in effect from 1873 to 1875.

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The League of Nations was founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first international organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. The League lasted for 26 years; the United Nations replaced it after the end of the Second World War on 20 April 1946.