World History MCQs

Notes:
The Constitution of 1791 vested the power to make laws in the National Assembly, which was indirectly elected.In the summer of 1792 the Jacobins planned an insurrection.On the morning of August 10 they stormed the Palace of the Tuileries, massacred the king’s guards and held the king himself as hostage for several hours. Elections were held. From now on all men of 21 years and above, regardless of wealth, got the right to vote. The newly elected assembly was called the Convention. On 21 September 1792 it abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic.The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of Terror. Robespierre pursued his policies so relentlessly that even his supporters began to demand moderation. Finally, he was convicted by a court in July 1794, arrested and on the next day sent to the guillotine. With the fall of Jacobins, a new constitution was introduced which denied the vote to non-propertied sections of society. It provided for two elected legislative councils. These then appointed a Directory, an executive made up of five members. However, the Directors often clashed with the legislative councils, who then sought to dismiss them. The political instability of the Directory paved way for the rise of a military dictator, Napoleon Bonaparte. So, correct chronology is 1-2-3-4.

Notes:
The First World War and the Civil War in the wake of Bolshevik revolution had ravaged the Russian economy. Famines had consumed millions of people. In 1921, industrial production was 14% of what it had been before 1914. Redistribution of land had affected food production. Soviet government had adopted the War Communism to deal with the unprecedented situation. Whatever was produced in the industries and on farms was highly rationed. All this created widespread resentment. In 1921, a new policy, called the New Economic Policy (NEP) was adopted and the War Communism was withdrawn. It was launched by Vladimir Lenin. Peasant control was restored on their produce, salaries were paid in cash, trade in goods was reopened and efforts were made to rehabilitate the economy. In some industries, private management was introduced and many small industries were allowed to remain in private hands. A large number of cooperatives were set up. Along with this, strategically important industries remained under government control. So, all the statements are true.

Notes:
After having conquered about the whole of Western Europe, Germany now planned the invasion of Britain. This plan was given the code name of ‘Sea-Lion’. German bombers and fighters started the bombing of British ports, airfields, aircraft factories, etc. But, as a result of the British resistance, operation ‘Sea-Lion’ was indefinitely put off and, by November 1940, the German air raids on London had more or less stopped.

Notes:
A new military alliance had come into being in April, 1949. The USA and most countries of Western Europe- Britain, France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Holland, Norway, Denmark, Portugal and Italy- and Iceland and Canada formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). It is believed that the formation of NATO was stimulated by the Berlin blockade by USSR. So, statement 1 is correct. In 1955, when West Germany was admitted as a member of NATO, the Soviet Union and the East European countries ruled by communist parties formed their military alliance which is known as the Warsaw Pact. The Warsaw Pact countries, like the NATO countries, had a joint military command. So, statement 2 is correct. Germany was divided into the West and East Germany. While West Germany was admitted into the NATO, the East Germany was incorporated into the ‘Warsaw Pact’. Statement 3 is incorrect.

Notes:
The Bangladesh Liberation War was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in what was then East Pakistan in 1971. The war ended on 16 December 1971 after West Pakistan surrendered. It resulted in the inde-pendence of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.

Notes:
Hiroshima is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chugoku region of western Honshu, the largest island of Japan. It is best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on it at 8:15 A.M. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II. Its name means “Wide Island”.

Notes:
The League of the Three Emperors, also known as Dreikaiserbund, was an alliance between the German Empire, the Russian Empire and Austria-Hungary, from 1873 to 1887. It was part of the diplomatic web created by Otto Bismarck (1815–1898) to keep France isolated. The first League of the Three Emperors was in effect from 1873 to 1875.

Notes:
By the middle of 1918, banks and insurance companies, large industries, mines, water transport and railways were nationalised. Foreign debts were refused and foreign investments were confiscated. A Declaration of the Rights of Peoples was issued conferring the right of self-determination upon all nationalities. A new government, called the Council of People’s Commissars, headed by Lenin was founded. These first acts of the new government began the era of socialism.

Notes:
Mussolini, who was a staunch opponent of Bolshevism, decided to start a new party to fight Communism. In march 1919 the Fascist Party was established under his leadership. The members wore black shirts and were equipped with arms. The party had its own flag. The members were well disciplined and Mussolini was their chief commander.

Notes:
The Philippines attained full sovereignty from American colonial oversight on July 4, 1946, through the Treaty of Manila. This transition ended a period of American rule that began in 1898, ushering in a new era of independence for the Philippines.