World History MCQs

Notes:
On December 30, 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics came into being. However, soon the new Soviet state was involved in a civil war. The officers of the army of the fallen Tsar organised an armed rebellion against the Soviet state. Troops of foreign powers—England, France, Japan, the United States and others— joined them. War was fought till 1920. By this time the ‘Red Army’ of the new state was in control of almost all the lands of the old Czarist empire. Indeed, a revolutionary wave lasted until 1923.

Notes:
In 1912 Benito Mussolini started the editing of Avanti!, a socialist journal. He was a bitter opponent of the Church.

Notes:
In the first party convention of Milan, Mussolini announced the programmes and Charter of demands of the party. They were:

• Nationalisation of factories
• Confiscation of surplus money from the capitalists
• Universal Franchise
• Forfeiture of the Church property
• Eight hours work in factories
• Framing of a new constitution.

These demands of the Fascist Party soon achieved popularity in Italy.

Notes:
Mussolini was an action oriented Prime Minister. He took the following steps for the reorganization of administration.

• The dacoits living in the interiors of Naples and Sicily were crushed.
• The economic and social conditions of the labourers were improved.
• Trade Unions were abolished.
• The entire powers of the Parliament were snatched.
• Members faithful to the leader alone were appointed as ministers and officers.

Notes:
Hitler started the National Socialist Party or Nazi Party. By the year 1932, the membership of the Nazi Party increased to 70 lakhs.

Notes:
The inter-war period witnessed the rise of dictatorships in Europe. The inter-war period is otherwise called the period of dictators. Germany, Italy, Spain and Japan witnessed the rise of dictators. In Germany, the Weimar Republic was weak. Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party took full advantage of the weakness of the Republican Government and brought the government under his control. He started aggression. He captured Austria and Czechoslovakia. At last he attacked Poland and World War II started.

Notes:
China is one of the oldest civilizations in the world. China was ruled by many dynasties. During the 19th and 20th centuries, China was ruled by the Manchu dynasty. China during Manchu rule became weak. China was called the sick man of Asia. It became a quasi colony of the western powers.

Notes:
At the end of the First World War Japan emerged as a superior military power. Hence, in order to control Japan’s Navy the Washington Naval Conference was held in 1921-22. But this was only a temporary measure.

Notes:
Between 1955 and 1958, West Asia remained the centre of the Cold War. In the series of western military pacts, the Baghdad Pact was concluded in 1955, later known as Central Treaty Organization (CENTO).

Notes:
The Proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898, signified the Philippines’ emergence as the first country in Southeast Asia to break free from colonial domination. This historic achievement marked a key milestone in the regional struggle for self-determination and national identity.