World History MCQs

Notes:
The First World War and the Civil War in the wake of Bolshevik revolution had ravaged the Russian economy. Famines had consumed millions of people. In 1921, industrial production was 14% of what it had been before 1914. Redistribution of land had affected food production. Soviet government had adopted the War Communism to deal with the unprecedented situation. Whatever was produced in the industries and on farms was highly rationed. All this created widespread resentment. In 1921, a new policy, called the New Economic Policy (NEP) was adopted and the War Communism was withdrawn. It was launched by Vladimir Lenin. Peasant control was restored on their produce, salaries were paid in cash, trade in goods was reopened and efforts were made to rehabilitate the economy. In some industries, private management was introduced and many small industries were allowed to remain in private hands. A large number of cooperatives were set up. Along with this, strategically important industries remained under government control. So, all the statements are true.

Notes:
The end of the First World War, as already mentioned, was accompanied by the emergence of a number of European nations as independent states. These included Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Poland and Czechoslovakia by merging new territories with an already existing state. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Finland were created out of the territory annexed by Germany from Russia. Poland was created out of German and Russian territories. Czechoslovakia was carved out of Austria-Hungary. Serbia had already existed before the WWI. In fact, WWI started with the attack of Austria-Hungary on Serbia.

Notes:
The Cold War, often dated from 1947 to 1991, was a sustained state of political and military tension between powers in the Western Bloc, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies and powers in the Eastern Block, dominated by the Soviet Union along with Warsaw Pact.

Notes:
In 1776 the British forces led by Sir William Howe defeated Washington in the battle of Long Island. However, the army of American colonies commanded by General Gates defeated British troops at Saratoga in October, 1777. The victory at Saratoga marked a turning point in the war. The French troops under Lafayette came to the help of the American colonies.

Notes:
The term ‘Industrial Revolution’ was used by European scholars – Georges Michelet in France and Friedrich Engels in Germany.

Notes:
Under Lenin’s leadership the Bolshevik Party put forward clear policies to end the war, transfer land to the peasants and advance the slogan “All power to the Soviets”. Lenin and his trusted associate Leon Trotsky led the October Revolution.

Notes:
Prussian spirit by Germany was also a cause for war. The Prussians were taught that war was a legal in the world. War was the national industry of Prussia. The younger generation of Germany was indoctrinated with such a philosophy of war.

Notes:
The financial crisis in Germany forced the Weimar Republic to make an appeal to the allies for the reduction of the amount of reparation. As a result a committee consisting of ten members was formed under the chairmanship of Dawes, an eminent finance specialist of U.S.A. The committee made some amendments to the provision of the Treaty of Versailles. This known as Dawes Plan. The financial burden of Germany was reduced to certain level.

Notes:
Before the beginning of the Second World War, the whole of Korea was under the control of Japan. After the Second World War, Russia and America decided to divide Korea on the 38th parallel line. On 24th June 1950 the army of the North Korea made a fierce attack over South Korea. The matter was again brought before the U.N.O. Hence, the Security Council decided to take some strong steps against North Korea. UNO sent its army under the command of an American, General Douglas MacArthur. A treaty was signed on July 27, 1953 by which the U.N.O. withdrew its military action.

Notes:
On 12th March 1948, Truman Doctrine [Truman was the President of USA] was announced and accordingly the U.S.A. provided economic and the military aid to Greece and Turkey to the tune of 400 million dollars in order to stop the Soviet influence in those countries.