31. Consider the following statements about the role of police :
- Police decide whether a person is guilt, or not.
- Investigation includes recording statements of witnesses and collecting different kinds of evidence.
- The evidence points to the guilt of the accused person, then they file a charge sheet in the court.
Which of the above is / are correct?
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 2 and 3
[C] Only 1 and 3
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 2 and 3]
Notes:
One important function of the police is to investigate any complaint about the commission of a crime. An investigation includes recording statements of witnesses and collecting different kinds of evidence. On the basis of the investigation, the police are required to form an opinion. If the police think that the evidence points to the guilt of the accused person, then they file a charge sheet in the court. It is not the job of the police to decide whether a person is guilty or innocent, that is for the judge to decide.
32. Consider the following statements regarding the Constituent Assembly of India:
- The Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress, the party that led India's freedom struggle.
- The manner in which the Constituent Assembly worked gives sanctity to the Constitution.
- The Constituent Assembly that wrote the Indian Constitution had 298 members.
Which of the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 2 and 3
[B] All of the above
[C] Only 1 and 2
[D] Only 1 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 1 and 2]
Notes:
The Constituent Assembly was indeed dominated by the Indian National Congress, and its transparent, consultative functioning adds legitimacy to the Constitution. However, the Assembly that finally wrote the Indian Constitution consisted of 299 members—not 298. Statement 3 is therefore incorrect, while statements 1 and 2 are correct.
33. Consider the following statements for ‘coming together’ federations.
- It involves independent States ‘coming together’ on their own to form a bigger unit.
- It increases the security.
- India is an example.
Which of the above is / are correct?
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 2 and 3
[C] Only 1 and 3
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 and 2]
Notes:
The first route involves independent States coming together on their own to form a bigger unit, so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining identity they can increase their security. This type of ‘coming together’ federations include the USA, Switzerland and Australia. In this first category of federations, all the constituent States usually have equal power and are strong vis-à-vis the Federal Government. The second route is where a large country decides to divide its power between the constituent States and the national Government. India, Spain and Belgium are examples of this kind of ‘holding together’ federations. In this second category, the Central Government tends to be more powerful vis-à-vis the States. Very often different constituent units of the federation have unequal powers. Some units are granted special powers.
34. Consider the following Assertion and Reason type statements:
- Assertion (A) : Fundamental Rights as enshrined under the Constitution are absolute in nature.
- Reason (R) : Executive as well as legislative actions can be declared illegal by the judiciary if these violate the Fundamental Rights or restrict them in an unreasonable manner.
Which of the above is / are correct?
[A] Both A and R are individually correct and R is the correct explanation of A
[B] Both A and R are individually correct but R is Not the correct explanation of A
[C] A is incorrect but R is correct
[D] Both A and R are incorrect
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [A is incorrect but R is correct]
Notes:
A is incorrect but R is correct. Fundamental Rights as enshrined under the Constitution are not absolute or unlimited rights. Government can put reasonable restrictions on the exercise of our Fundamental Rights. However, it is true that executive as well as legislative actions can be declared illegal by the judiciary if these violate the Fundamental Rights or restrict them in an unreasonable manner. Thus, c is the correct answer.
35. Consider the following statements:
- A bill proposed by a minister is described as Government Bill.
- Under the Indian Parliamentary system, no member other than Government can propose a law in the Parliament.
Which of the above is / are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] None of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
Notes:
Only the first statement is correct. In Parliament, members of Government as well as opponents can propose legislation. But the chances of such proposals to get the majority and become a law is very low. When a non-minister proposes a bill, it is called private member’s Bill. A bill proposed by a minister is described as Government Bill. Thus, A is the correct answer.
36. With respect to the Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Amendment Bill, 2022, consider the following statements:
- It prohibits activity related to weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems.
- It prohibits persons from financing any prohibited activity related to weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 2]
Notes:
- Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Amendment Bill, 2022 amends the Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Act, 2005.
- The Bill bars persons from financing any prohibited activity related to weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems. 2005 Act does not prohibit financing of any such activity.
- The central government may freeze, seize or attach their funds, financial assets, or economic resources (whether owned, held, or controlled directly or indirectly).
37. Which of the following provisions are included in the Representation of the People Act, 1951?
- Disqualification of the MPs and MLAs
- Registration of Political Parties
- Silence period for electors before the voting day
- Conduct of By-elections
Select the correct answer using the codes below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2, 3 & 4
[C] Only 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]
Notes:
Section 8 deals with disqualification of MPs/MLAs; Section 29A provides for registration of political parties; Section 126 imposes a silence period for electors before polling; and Section 151A mandates conduct of by-elections within specified period. All the listed provisions are part of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
38. An Indian citizen can donate money using which of the following channels to save tax?
- National Disaster Response Fund
- PM CARES
- Electoral Bonds
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3 ]
Notes:
The National Disaster Response Fund, established under the Disaster Management Act, accepts contributions via physical instruments, RTGS, NEFT, UPI, and the Bharatkosh portal. PM CARES is a public charitable trust offering 100% tax deduction for donations under section 80G of the IT Act. Electoral bonds facilitate donations to political parties from Indian citizens and incorporated companies.
39. Consider the following about the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA):
- IFSCA is a unified authority for the development and regulation of financial products, services, and institutions in International Financial Services Centres in India.
- IFSCA is headquartered within Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), Gandhinagar.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 and 2]
Notes:
Both statements are correct. IFSCA functions as the unified regulator for all financial services in International Financial Services Centres in India as per the IFSCA Act 2019. Its headquarters is located in Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City), Gandhinagar, which is home to India’s first IFSC (GIFT-IFSC).
40. With respect to the Collegium system, consider the following statements:
- It is an extra-constitutional body.
- Under it, the Chief Justice of India along with four senior-most Supreme Court judges recommend appointments and transfers of judges.
- The government cannot also raise objections and seek clarification regarding the Collegium’s choices.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 3
[C] Only 1 & 2
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 1 & 2]
Notes:
- Under the Collegium system, the Chief Justice of India along with four senior-most Supreme Court judges recommend appointments and transfers of judges.
- A High Court Collegium, meanwhile, is led by the incumbent Chief Justice and the two senior most judges of that court.
- The Collegium system is not rooted in the Constitution. Instead, it has evolved through judgments of the Supreme Court.
- In this system, the government’s role is limited to getting an inquiry conducted by the Intelligence Bureau (IB) if a lawyer is to be elevated as a judge in a High Court or the Supreme Court. The government can also raise objections and seek clarification regarding the Collegium’s choices, but, if the Collegium reiterates the same names, the government is bound, under Constitution Bench judgments, to appoint them to the post.
