41. Consider the following naval bases or stations of India and their respective locations:
- INS Kadamba – Karwar
- INS Shivaji – Ratnagiri
- INS Satavahana – Visakhapatnam
- INS Baaz – Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Which of the above is / are correct?
[A] Only 1, 2 & 3
[B] Only 1, 3 & 4
[C] Only 2, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 1, 3 & 4 ]
Notes:
INS Kadamba, under Project Seabird, is being constructed in Karwar, Karnataka, and will be India’s largest naval base. INS Shivaji, one of the oldest naval bases, is located in Maharashtra and operates under the Southern Naval Command. INS Satavahana is situated in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, under the Eastern Naval Command. INS Baaz is a naval air station on Great Nicobar Island, part of the Andaman and Nicobar Command.
42. Which of the following island nations in the Indian Ocean are members of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS)?
- Madagascar
- Comoros
- Zanzibar
- Seychelles
- Maldives
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1, 2 & 3
[B] Only 2, 4 & 5
[C] Only 1, 2, 4 & 5
[D] 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 2, 4 & 5]
Notes:
The Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) is a coalition of low-lying coastal and small island countries, founded in 1990 to address global warming. In the Indian Ocean, only Comoros, Seychelles, and Maldives are members. Madagascar and Zanzibar are not AOSIS members. The total AOSIS membership is 44 states; India is not a member.
43. Which of the following Asian countries are members of the Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA)?
- Sri Lanka
- Bangladesh
- India
- Indonesia
- Japan
- Myanmar
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 2, 3 & 5
[B] Only 1, 4 & 6
[C] Only 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6
[D] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6]
Notes:
Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, and Myanmar are parties to the Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA). India is not a member. Other Asian parties include Maldives, Thailand, Republic of Korea, and Russian Federation. The PSMA is a legally binding international agreement to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing.
44. Consider the following conditions for a country to be certified as malaria-free by WHO:
- Interrupted indigenous transmission of the disease for at least three consecutive years.
- Capacity to prevent re-establishment of transmission.
- A fully functional surveillance and response system that can prevent re-establishment of the disease.
Which of the above is/are criteria for malaria-free certification?
[A] Only 1
[B] 1, 2 and 3
[C] Only 1 and 2
[D] Only 1 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [1, 2 and 3]
Notes:
WHO certifies a country as malaria-free when it interrupts indigenous malaria transmission for at least three consecutive years, demonstrates a capacity to prevent re-establishment, and maintains a fully functional surveillance and response system. Each of these criteria must be met to ensure effective and sustained elimination of malaria transmission within the national territory.
45. Consider the following statements regarding the International Seabed Authority:
- It is an autonomous international organization established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
- It organizes and controls all mineral-resources-related activities in the exclusive economic zones and high seas.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
Notes:
Statement 1 is correct as the International Seabed Authority (ISA) was established under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). However, statement 2 is not correct because the ISA controls mineral resources only in the international seabed area (“the Area”), not within exclusive economic zones or high seas under national jurisdiction.
46. In context with the 38th National Games, consider the following statements:
- The 38th National Games were inaugurated by the President in Uttarakhand.
- The trophies and medals for the games were made from e-waste.
- The mascot is Mauli, inspired by the Himalayan Monal, the state bird of Uttarakhand.
Which of the above is/are incorrect?
[A] Only one
[B] Only two
[C] All three
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only one]
Notes:
- The 38th National Games were inaugurated by the President in Uttarakhand. Incorrect: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 38th National Games in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, highlighting the significance of the event.
- The trophies and medals for the games were made from e-waste. Correct: The trophies and medals for the games were made from e-waste, emphasizing the eco-friendly theme of the event.
- The mascot is Mauli, inspired by the Himalayan Monal, the state bird of Uttarakhand. Correct: The mascot for the 38th National Games is named Mauli. The National Games 2025 mascot is inspired by the Himalayan Monal, the state bird of Uttarakhand. Mauli represents the region’s stunning natural beauty, diverse wildlife, and cultural heritage.
47. With reference to the sport of tennis, consider the following statements:
- The term ‘Grand Slam’ refers to winning all four major tournaments in a single calendar year.
- The Davis Cup is an annual international team competition in men’s tennis.
- The term ‘love’ in tennis scoring means a score of zero.
How many of the above statements are correct?
[A] Only one
[B] Only two
[C] All three
[D] None
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [All three]
Notes:
- Grand Slam refers to winning all four major tournaments in a single calendar year. Correct: It includes the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open.
- The Davis Cup is an annual international team competition in men’s tennis. Correct: It is contested by national teams from around the world.
- The term ‘love’ in tennis scoring means a score of zero. Correct: It is derived from the French word ‘l’oeuf’ meaning egg, representing zero.
48. Which of the following statements about the Cold War is/are correct?
- The Truman Doctrine (1947) aimed at containing Soviet influence.
- The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) was a confrontation between the USA and USSR over nuclear weapons in Cuba.
- The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the beginning of the Cold War.
Select the correct option using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 1 and 3
[C] Only 2 and 3
[D] 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 and 2]
Notes:
Statement 1 is correct: The Truman Doctrine (1947) sought to contain Soviet influence. Statement 2 is correct: The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) involved a nuclear standoff between the USA and USSR over missiles in Cuba. Statement 3 is incorrect: The Berlin Wall’s fall in 1989 symbolized the end, not the beginning, of the Cold War. Hence, only 1 and 2 are correct.
49. Consider the following statements regarding decolonization after World War II:
- Indonesia gained independence from the Dutch in 1949.
- India’s independence in 1947 set a precedent for other Asian and African movements.
- Algeria achieved independence from France through peaceful negotiations without armed struggle.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[A] 1 and 2 only
[B] 2 and 3 only
[C] 1 and 3 only
[D] 1 and 2 only
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1 and 2 only]
Notes:
Indonesia declared independence in 1945, but formal Dutch recognition came in 1949. India’s 1947 independence inspired further anti-colonial movements globally. Algeria did not gain independence by peaceful negotiation; a prolonged violent struggle occurred from 1954–1962. Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
50. Which of the following statements regarding nationalism in 19th-century Europe is/are correct?
- Giuseppe Mazzini propagated ideas of a united Italy.
- Otto von Bismarck pursued German unification through “blood and iron.”
- The Frankfurt Parliament (1848) successfully established a unified Germany.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 2 and 3
[C] Only 1 and 3
[D] 1, 2, and 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1 and 2]
Notes:
Giuseppe Mazzini’s Young Italy movement laid the ideological foundations for Italian unification. Bismarck unified Germany primarily through military means, famously termed “blood and iron.” The Frankfurt Parliament (1848) failed to create a unified Germany. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect.
