41. Where was the Pasang Wangchuk Sona ISRO Space Laboratory inaugurated?
[A] Arunachal Pradesh
[B] Mizoram
[C] Tripura
[D] Nagaland
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Arunachal Pradesh]
Notes:
Arunachal Pradesh Education Minister Pasang Dorjee Sona inaugurated a state-of-the-art space laboratory at Mechuka in Shi-Yomi district. The lab is named Pasang Wangchuk Sona ISRO Space Laboratory in honour of his late father. It was set up at Mechuka Government Higher Secondary School in collaboration with Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Muskaan Foundation. The lab will provide students hands-on experience in space science and technology. It aims to foster curiosity, innovation, and scientific thinking among youth.
42. Which country announced the launch of Venera-D Venus mission?
[A] Russia
[B] China
[C] United States
[D] India
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Russia]
Notes:
Russia announced plans to launch the Venera-D mission to revisit Venus before 2036. Preliminary design work will begin in January 2026 under the new national space programme. The mission is being developed in collaboration with the Lavochkin Association. It will include a lander, a balloon probe, and an orbital spacecraft for comprehensive study of Venus. The design phase will take two years to complete. The launch is expected between 2034 and 2036, with the exact date decided after the design phase.
43. National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories functions under the administrative control of which department?
[A] Department of Science & Technology
[B] Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
[C] Department of Pharmaceuticals
[D] None of the Above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade]
Notes:
Recently, the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) launched its new Medical Application Portal. NABL is a non-profit autonomous organisation registered under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860. It functions under the administrative control of the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The new portal aims to streamline medical testing and accreditation processes efficiently.
44. Where was India’s largest lithium-ion battery manufacturing plant launched?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Rajasthan
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Haryana
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Haryana]
Notes:
India’s largest Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery manufacturing plant was inaugurated in Haryana on 5 September 2025. When fully operational, it will produce 20 crore battery packs annually, meeting nearly 40% of India’s 50 crore pack requirement. The plant was set up under the Centre’s Electronics Manufacturing Cluster (EMC) scheme. Li-ion batteries are rechargeable, with lithium ions moving between graphite (negative electrode) and lithium metal oxides (positive electrode) through a non-aqueous electrolyte. They offer high energy density (75-200 Wh/kg), are lightweight, use fewer toxic metals, and provide good cycle stability and efficiency. They have low self-discharge and no memory effect, ensuring reliable performance.
45. Which institute discovered that protein p47 acts as a “mechanical chaperone”, enhancing protein stability under mechanical stress?
[A] Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru
[B] S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBNCBS), Kolkata
[C] National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune
[D] Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBNCBS), Kolkata]
Notes:
Researchers at S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBNCBS) discovered protein p47’s new role as a “mechanical chaperone.” P47 is a cofactor protein known for assisting p97 in protein trafficking, degradation, and membrane fusion. Study revealed p47 boosts mechanical efficiency of protein extraction from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to cytoplasm. It stabilizes polypeptides under stress, guides them through pores, prevents misfolding, and improves translocation. This is the first single-molecule evidence of autonomous, force-dependent chaperone-like activity by p47. Discovery opens new therapeutic possibilities for diseases linked to protein instability.
46. Which institute has developed cholesterol-based nanomaterials for quantum technologies and spintronic applications?
[A] Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
[B] Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali
[C] Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
[D] Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali]
Notes:
Cholesterol, a fat-like substance, can control the spin of electrons, a quantum property crucial for next-generation spintronic devices. Spintronics uses electron spin to develop energy-efficient electronics and bioelectronic devices. Scientists from the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), developed cholesterol-based nanomaterials for spintronic and quantum applications. Cholesterol’s intrinsic handedness (chirality) and flexibility allow precise control over molecular properties. This innovation could enable energy-efficient memory chips and greener quantum technologies.
47. What kind of disease is “Sarcoidosis” that was recently seen in news?
[A] Autoimmune inflammatory disease
[B] Nutritional deficiency disorder
[C] Neurological disorder
[D] None of the Above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Autoimmune inflammatory disease]
Notes:
Recently, a study in Nature Reviews Disease Primers gave an in-depth analysis of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease where immune cells form granulomas in organs, mainly lungs. Granulomas are most common in lungs and lymph nodes but can also affect eyes, skin, heart, and other organs. Exact cause is unknown but linked to genetic changes and triggers like bacteria, viruses, dust, or chemicals. Symptoms range from mild to severe, including cough, breathlessness, shin sores, eye pain, and redness. Some cases resolve on their own, while others become chronic and may lead to fibrosis with lung scarring. There is no cure, but treatment with medicines reduces immune overreaction and prevents organ damage.
48. Where was Asia’s first dedicated cancer centre for women, Apollo Athenaa, inaugurated?
[A] Mumbai
[B] Chennai
[C] Hyderabad
[D] New Delhi
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [New Delhi]
Notes:
Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Ltd (AHEL) launched Apollo Athenaa, Asia’s first dedicated cancer centre for women, at Defence Colony, New Delhi. The centre was inaugurated by Delhi Chief Minister Rekha Gupta, along with Dr. Prathap C Reddy and Preetha Reddy of Apollo Hospitals Group. GLOBOCAN 2022 data shows 54% of cancers in Indian women are breast and cervical, highlighting urgent need for specialised care. The centre provides services like preventive screenings, advanced diagnostics, surgical oncology, breast oncoplasty, fertility preservation, reconstructive care, onco-psychology, nutrition, physiotherapy, and palliative care.
49. Which country has recently developed a bone glue named “Bone-02”, capable of repairing fractures in just three minutes?
[A] Japan
[B] China
[C] Australia
[D] India
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [China]
Notes:
Chinese researchers have developed a bone glue named Bone-02, unveiled on 10 September 2025 in Zhejiang Province. It can repair fractures and shattered bone fragments in just 3 minutes, even in blood-rich environments. The glue is bio-absorbable, removing the need for a second surgery to remove implants. It may replace metal implants like plates and screws used in conventional surgeries.
50. What is the name of the asteroid recently confirmed as Earth’s latest quasi-satellite in September 2025?
[A] Victoria 2025
[B] Flora 2025
[C] 2025 PN7
[D] Cardea
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [2025 PN7]
Notes:
Astronomers discovered asteroid 2025 PN7 in September 2025 as Earth’s latest quasi-satellite. ‘Quasi’ means almost; the asteroid is not gravitationally bound but orbits the Sun in resonance with Earth. It is an Arjuna-class near-Earth asteroid, named after Mahabharata’s Arjuna. 2025 PN7 orbits the Sun while staying close to Earth and will remain in this quasi-satellite state for approx 128 years. It was first spotted on August 2, 2025, by Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 1 (Pan-STARRS 1) in Hawaii.