Diabetes Quiz

Notes:
The Kerala State government, through the Kerala Social Security Mission, initiated the ‘Mittayi’ scheme in 2018. This program aimed to offer free insulin therapy and continuous glucose monitoring devices to individuals suffering from Type 1 diabetes.
Approximately 1,200 children under the age of 18 in Kerala do not qualify for the State government’s ‘Mittayi’ scheme designed to assist individuals with Type 1 diabetes. This exclusion is due to their parents’ annual income exceeding ₹2 lakh.

Notes:
According to a recent study published in the journal JAMA Network, India witnessed the highest global prevalence of childhood diabetes cases and fatalities in 2019, alongside holding the record for the highest disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) burden.
As per the World Health Organization, a single DALY signifies the deprivation of one year of overall well-being and optimal health.

Notes:
A recent study published in The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology journal has uncovered that the occurrence of diabetes in India stands at 11.4%.
Additionally, the study found that 35.5% of the population experiences hypertension, while 15.3% are affected by prediabetes.

Notes:
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic health condition that impacts the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose).
According to a new research, individuals infected with COVID-19 were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes within a year of their infection, compared to those who have not been exposed to the viral pathogen.

Notes:
Lean diabetes is a medical condition that involves dual stress of intermittent starvation and overload of carbohydrate metabolism.
Cases of lean diabetes is seen spreading among tribals in Chhattisgarh. The rise of non-communicable diseases (NCD), including diabetes, has been recognised as a problem area in India.

Notes:
दुबला मधुमेह (Lean Diabetes) एक चिकित्सा स्थिति है जिसमें आंतरायिक भुखमरी और कार्बोहाइड्रेट चयापचय (carbohydrate metabolism) के अधिभार के दोहरे तनाव शामिल हैं। छत्तीसगढ़ में आदिवासियों में लीन डायबिटीज के मामले फैलते देखे जा रहे हैं।

Notes:
Type 1 diabetes is due to an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-producing cells, not improper insulin use. Type 2 diabetes results from insulin resistance, not autoimmunity. Gestational diabetes occurs only during pregnancy in women without prior diabetes. Thus, only statement 3 is correct.

Notes:
The US Food and Drug Administration approved the world’s first therapy for prevention of type 1 diabetes.
The monoclonal antibody teplizumab, which will be marketed under the brand name Tzield, is a biologic therapy that delays the onset of type 1 diabetes.

Notes:
World Diabetes Day is observed every year on November 14 by the World Health Organisation. It aims to raise awareness of diabetes as a global public health issue and solutions for prevention, diagnosis and management of the condition.
This year’s theme “Access to diabetes education” follows the multi-year theme of “Access to care.” As per WHO, there were about 8.4 million individuals worldwide with type-1 diabetes in 2021.

Notes:
Foxtail millet is noted for its low glycemic index and high crude fibre, making it beneficial for diabetes management. Wheat contains gluten, while most millets, including foxtail millet, are naturally gluten-free. Substituting rice with foxtail millet helps regulate blood sugar, benefiting diabetic individuals due to its fibre and glycemic properties. All statements are correct.