New Freshwater Crab Species Discovered In Western Ghats
Recent research in Kerala’s Western Ghats has led to the discovery of a new genus and two new species of freshwater crabs. These findings show the rich biodiversity and high endemism of the region. The discoveries were made by scientists from the University of Kerala and the National University of Singapore. The species belong to the family Gecarcinucidae and were found in isolated mountain streams. The discoveries add to the understanding of freshwater crab diversity and raise concerns about habitat threats.
Discovery and Naming
Researchers identified a new genus named Kasargodia and two species – Kasargodia sheebae and Pilarta vaman. Kasargodia sheebae was found in Kasaragod district and named after the district and a researcher’s wife, Sheeba Smrithy Raj. Pilarta vaman was found in Gavi, Pathanamthitta district, and named after the Hindu deity Vaman, reflecting its small size. These names reflect local geography and cultural heritage.
Physical Characteristics
- Kasargodia sheebae has a brownish-orange carapace with numerous black spots.
- Its limbs and claws are orange with black markings.
- Pilarta vaman features a more quadrate carapace and is notably smaller.
- Both crabs were collected from small mountain streams flowing through grasslands, indicating a preference for specific freshwater habitats.
Habitat and Distribution
The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot, harbours many endemic freshwater crab species. These crabs are mostly nocturnal and live in deep burrows, making them hard to locate. The Kerala section of the Western Ghats shows nearly 70% endemism in freshwater crabs, higher than many other organism groups. The newly discovered species are rare, with only a few individuals found.
Conservation Concerns
Both Kasargodia sheebae and Pilarta vaman face threats from human activities. Tourism in the grasslands where these crabs live disrupts their fragile habitats. Habitat degradation and pollution could impact their survival. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these species and their environments.
Scientific Importance
These discoveries contribute to the taxonomy and biodiversity knowledge of freshwater crabs. Publishing in journals like the Journal of Crustacean Biology and Zootaxa ensures scientific validation. The findings tell the importance of continued exploration in biodiversity hotspots to uncover hidden species.
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