Craft guilds represent one of the oldest forms of organised economic activity in India, historically linking artisanal production with trade, finance, and local governance. Rooted in traditional occupations...
Bhakti movement was a spontaneous movement and there are two views on its origin. First view is that it originated in Tamil Nadu during the seventh century and then...
The following were important features of Mughal Bureaucracy. Office of Diwan The office of the Diwan was the office of today’s minister. It got strengthened in Akbar’s reign....
Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur who was invited by Aalam Khan Lodi, a discontented uncle of Ibrahim Lodi, to Invade India. He was a descendent of Timur...
The Delhi sultanate society was broadly divided into four major groups viz. nobles (Aristocrats), Priests, Towns people and Peasants. Nobles included Sultan and his relatives, courtiers and holders...
In theory the Muslim state was theocracy, i.e. the head of state was also the religious head and derived his position and authority from god. Thus the caliph...
The greatest success of the reign of Firuz was the promotion of agriculture through the construction of canals by the state, bringing fresh lands under cultivation along the...
The market control system and the economic regulations issued to that effect, were the most revolutionary and remarkable reforms made by the Alauddin. Objectives of Market Reforms As...
Alauddin Khilji made several sweeping reforms in the field of revenue system. Some of his important fiscal and revenue measures were as follows: His first revenue regulation (zabita)...
Iltutmish was one of the most outstanding rulers of Medieval India. In true terms, history of the Muslim sovereignty in India begins with him. He gave the sultanate...
Akbar could not see the validity in the custom that the Hindus should pay more taxes than the Muslims. He also had an insatiable quest in the matters...
Sufism or tasawwuf, as it is called in Arabic, is generally understood by scholars and Sufis to be the inner, mystical, or psycho-spiritual dimension of Islam. Today, however,...
