Medieval Indian History
Unit 1: Sources and Historiography
- Medieval India
- Medieval Indian Periodisation
- Medieval Historical Sources
- Inscriptions
- Copper-Plate Grants
- Temple Inscriptions
- Prashastis and Genealogies
- Persian Chronicles
- Arabic Accounts
- Sanskrit Sources
- Regional Language Sources
- Travel Accounts
- Numismatic Evidence
- Archaeological Evidence
- Architectural Sources
- Land Grant Records
- Rajatarangini
- Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
- Ibn Battuta’s Rihla
- Source Limitations
Unit 2: Early Medieval Transition
- Ancient-Medieval Transition
- Political Fragmentation
- Regionalisation of Power
- Rise of Regional Kingdoms
- Early Medieval Polity
- Samanta System
- Indian Feudalism Debate
- Land Grants and Power
- Brahmadeya Grants
- Agrahara Settlements
- Devadana Grants
- Agricultural Expansion
- Forest Clearance
- Tribal Peasantisation
- Rural Hierarchy
- Landed Intermediaries
- Temple-Centred Economy
- Urban Decline Debate
- Urban Revival Debate
- Sultanate Background
Unit 3: Early Medieval Society
- Growth of Jatis
- Caste Proliferation
- Rajputisation
- Kshatriya Identity
- Early Medieval Guilds
- Merchant Corporations
- Inland Trade Networks
- Coastal Trade Networks
- Coinage and Monetisation
- Temple Social Role
- Temple Economic Role
- Sanskrit Cosmopolis
- Regional Languages
- Puranic Hinduism
- Shaivism
- Vaishnavism
- Shaktism
- Tantric Traditions
- Decline of Buddhism
- Early Medieval Culture
Unit 4: Tripartite Struggle
- Kannauj Politics
- Tripartite Struggle
- Gurjara-Pratiharas
- Nagabhata I
- Vatsaraja
- Nagabhata II
- Mihira Bhoja
- Mahendrapala
- Pratihara Military Power
- Pratiharas and Arabs
Unit 5: North Indian States
- Rajput State Formation
- Chahamanas of Shakambhari
- Prithviraj Chauhan
- Paramaras of Malwa
- King Bhoja
- Chandellas of Bundelkhand
- Khajuraho Temples
- Gahadavalas of Kannauj
- Jayachandra
- Kalachuris
- Tomaras of Delhi
- Solankis of Gujarat
- Kumarapala
- Kashmir Dynasties
- Kalhana
- Kamarupa Kingdom
- Himalayan Kingdoms
- Pre-Turkish North India
Unit 6: Early Medieval South
- Mamallapuram Monuments
- Vikramaditya II
- Badami Cave Temples
- Aihole Temples
- Pattadakal Temples
- Eastern Chalukyas
Unit 7: Cholas and Southern Powers
- Rise of Cholas
- Vijayalaya Chola
- Aditya I
- Parantaka I
- Rajaraja I
- Rajendra I
- Chola Naval Expeditions
- Chola Administration
- Ur, Sabha and Nagaram
- Chola Revenue System
- Brihadeshwara Temple
- Chola Bronzes
- Medieval Pandyas
- Cheras of Kerala
- Ay Kingdom
- Hoysala Emergence
- Yadavas of Devagiri
- Kakatiyas
- Eastern Gangas
- Pre-Sultanate South India
Unit 8: Arab-Turkish Contacts
- Muhammad bin Qasim
- Raja Dahir
- Arab Invasion Causes
- Arab Sindh Administration
- Mansura
- Multan
- Western Coast Arab Trade
- Malabar Arab Merchants
- Early Muslim Communities
- Al-Biruni
- Kitab al-Hind
- Ghaznavid Kingdom
- Mahmud of Ghazni
- Ghaznavid Raids
- Somnath Raid
- Ghaznavid Punjab
- Ghaznavid Lahore
- Ghaznavid Invasion Impact
- Central Asian Connections
Unit 9: Ghurid Expansion
- Rise of Ghurids
- Muhammad Ghori
- First Battle of Tarain
- Second Battle of Tarain
- Battle of Chandawar
- Qutb-ud-din Aibak
- Bakhtiyar Khalji
- Conquest of Bihar
- Bengal Expansion
- Buddhist Monastic Centres
- Turkish Military System
- Cavalry and Mounted Archery
- Medieval Horse Trade
- Slave Military Elite
- Persianate Political Culture
- Rajput Resistance
- Rajput Political Weaknesses
- Turkish Success Causes
- Raids to Rule
- Delhi Sultanate Origins
Unit 10: Mamluk Dynasty
- Delhi Sultanate Foundation
- Lahore and Delhi
- Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
- Qutub Minar
- Iltutmish
- Sultanate Consolidation
- Turkish Nobility
- Chihalgani
- Iltutmish’s Iqta System
- Tanka and Jital
- Caliphal Recognition
- Raziya Sultan
- Raziya and Nobility
- Nasiruddin Mahmud
- Ghiyasuddin Balban
- Balban’s Kingship
- Blood and Iron Policy
- Sijda and Paibos
- Khalji Transition
Unit 11: Khalji Dynasty
- Jalaluddin Khalji
- Khalji Revolution
- Alauddin Khalji
- Mongol Invasions
- Siri Fort
- Gujarat Campaign
- Ranthambore Campaign
- Chittor Campaign
- Malwa Campaign
- Malik Kafur
- Devagiri Campaign
- Warangal Campaign
- Dwarasamudra Campaign
- Madurai Campaign
- Deccan Tributary Policy
- Alauddin’s Centralisation
- Alauddin and Ulema
- Amir Khusrau
- Alai Darwaza
- Khalji Dynasty Decline
Unit 12: Tughlaq Dynasty
- Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
- Tughlaqabad Fort
- Muhammad bin Tughlaq
- Capital Transfer
- Token Currency
- Doab Taxation
- Diwan-i-Kohi
- Qarachil Expedition
- Khurasan Project
- Ibn Battuta
- Tughlaq Rebellions
- Deccan Decline
- Firoz Shah Tughlaq
- Firoz’s Public Works
- Diwan-i-Khairat
- Diwan-i-Bandagan
- Firoz’s Jizya Policy
- Ashokan Pillars
- Timur’s Invasion
Unit 13: Sayyids and Lodis
- Tughlaq Authority Collapse
- Sayyid Dynasty
- Khizr Khan
- Mubarak Shah Sayyid
- Bahlol Lodi
- Afghan Polity
- Afghan Tribal Nobility
- Sikandar Lodi
- Foundation of Agra
- Sikandar Lodi’s Administration
- Ibrahim Lodi
- Afghan Noble Conflicts
- Sharqi Challenge
- Lodi-Rajput Relations
- Late Sultanate Revenue
- Late Sultanate Army
- Lodi Tomb Architecture
- Sultanate Decline
- Early Modern Transition
Unit 14: Sultanate Administration
- Delhi Sultanate Nature
- Sultan’s Authority
- Caliphate and Legitimacy
- Sultanate Kingship
- Centralised Monarchy
- Sultanate Nobility
- Turkish Nobles
- Afghan Nobles
- Indian Muslim Nobles
- Ulema and State
- Wazir
- Diwan-i-Wizarat
- Ariz-i-Mamalik
- Diwan-i-Arz
- Diwan-i-Insha
- Diwan-i-Risalat
- Barid System
- Qazi and Justice
- Sadr-us-Sudur
Unit 15: Sultanate Economy and Society
- Iqta System
- Muqti and Iqtadar
- Khalisa Land
- Kharaj
- Ushr
- Jizya
- Zakat
- Khams
- Land Measurement
- Sultanate Army
- Cavalry Organisation
- Dagh System
- Chehra System
- Forts and Garrisons
- Kotwal
- Sultanate Currency
- Sultanate Urbanisation
- Hindu-Muslim Interaction
Unit 16: Vijayanagara Empire
- Vijayanagara Foundation
- Harihara I
- Bukka I
- Vidyaranya Tradition
- Sangama Dynasty
- Devaraya I
- Devaraya II
- Saluva Dynasty
- Tuluva Dynasty
- Krishnadevaraya
- Amuktamalyada
- Vijayanagara Administration
- Nayankara System
- Amara-Nayakas
- Vijayanagara Revenue
- Hampi
- Vijayanagara Trade
- Vijayanagara Temples
- Foreign Travellers
Unit 17: Bahmani and Deccan Sultanates
- Bahmani Kingdom Foundation
- Hasan Bahman Shah
- Gulbarga
- Bidar
- Bahmani Administration
- Tarafdars
- Afaqis and Dakhnis
- Mahmud Gawan
- Mahmud Gawan’s Reforms
- Mahmud Gawan Madrasa
- Bahmani-Vijayanagara Rivalry
- Raichur Doab
- Deccan Art and Architecture
- Bahmani Kingdom Breakup
- Ahmadnagar Sultanate
- Bijapur Sultanate
- Golconda Sultanate
- Pre-European Deccan
Unit 18: Provincial Sultanates
- Bengal Sultanate
- Ilyas Shahi Dynasty
- Adina Mosque
- Hussain Shahi Dynasty
- Gaur and Pandua
- Bengal Trade
- Jaunpur Sultanate
- Sharqi Dynasty
- Atala Mosque
- Gujarat Sultanate
- Ahmad Shah I
- Ahmedabad
- Mahmud Begarha
- Champaner
- Gujarat Maritime Trade
- Malwa Sultanate
- Mandu Architecture
- Kashmir Sultanate
- Zain-ul-Abidin
- Kashmiri Cultural Life
Unit 19: Regional and Frontier States
- Eastern Gangas of Odisha
- Anantavarman Chodaganga
- Jagannath Temple
- Gajapati Kingdom
- Kapilendra Deva
- Assam Frontier Kingdoms
- Sukapha
- Ahom Administration
- Kamata Kingdom
- Koch Kingdom Origins
- Mewar Kingdom
- Rana Kumbha
- Kumbhalgarh Fort
- Marwar Rathores
- Post-Arab Sindh
- Sumra and Samma Dynasties
- Kerala Regional Kingdoms
- Zamorin of Calicut
- Pre-European India
Unit 20: Bhakti, Sufism and Culture
- Bhakti Movement
- Alvars and Nayanars
- Ramanuja
- Madhvacharya
- Ramananda
- Kabir
- Ravidas
- Guru Nanak
- Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
- Sankardev
- Sufism in India
- Chishti Order
- Suhrawardi Order
- Nizamuddin Auliya
- Regional Architecture
- Medieval Indian Literature
- Medieval Science and Technology
- Vasco da Gama
Originally written on
July 27, 2017
and last modified on
July 21, 2026.