Gujarat Passes Uniform Civil Code Bill 2026

Gujarat has become the second Indian state after Uttarakhand to pass a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill, 2026, establishing a common legal framework for personal laws across communities. The legislation, approved by the state assembly on March 24, seeks to regulate marriage, divorce, succession, and live-in relationships uniformly, irrespective of religion. The move reflects the government’s emphasis on legal uniformity, gender justice, and social harmony.

Key Provisions of the UCC Bill

The law mandates compulsory registration of marriages and divorces, with penalties of up to ₹10,000 for non-compliance. It introduces strict legal procedures for divorce, allowing only court-sanctioned separation. Practices such as polygamy have been banned, while coercive or fraudulent marriages can attract imprisonment of up to seven years. The bill also permits remarriage without conditions after divorce and prohibits practices like halala in certain communities.

Regulation of Live-in Relationships

A significant feature of the legislation is the formal recognition and regulation of live-in relationships. All such relationships must be registered, and termination must also be officially notified. Children born from these unions will be considered legitimate. Additionally, women deserted by partners in live-in arrangements are entitled to claim maintenance, strengthening legal protection for vulnerable individuals.

Exemptions and Legislative Process

The provisions of the UCC will not apply to Scheduled Tribes, recognising their distinct customs and traditions. The bill was drafted following recommendations from a committee headed by retired Supreme Court judge Justice Ranjana Desai, which reportedly received around 20 lakh public suggestions. While the ruling government emphasised inclusivity and reform, opposition leaders raised concerns about constitutional validity and lack of detailed legislative scrutiny.

Important Facts for Exams

• Uniform Civil Code aims to replace personal laws based on religion with a common set of laws.
• Article 44 of the Directive Principles of State Policy advocates for UCC in India.
• Uttarakhand was the first Indian state to pass a UCC law.
• Scheduled Tribes are often exempted from such laws to protect customary practices.

Debate and Broader Implications

The bill has sparked political and legal debate. The government argues it promotes equality, particularly for women, and addresses issues such as fraudulent marriages and unequal inheritance rights. Critics, however, question its constitutional scope and potential overlap with fundamental rights. The enactment marks a significant step in the ongoing national discourse on implementing a Uniform Civil Code across India.