Bangladesh Launches Emergency Measles Vaccination Drive

Bangladesh has initiated an emergency vaccination campaign targeting over one million children amid a rapidly spreading measles outbreak. The surge in cases has raised public health concerns, prompting urgent immunisation efforts to contain the disease and prevent severe complications, particularly among vulnerable groups.

About Measles Disease

Measles is a highly contagious and serious airborne disease caused by a virus belonging to the paramyxovirus family. It primarily affects children but can infect individuals of any age who lack immunity. The virus initially targets the respiratory system and then spreads throughout the body, often leading to complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death in severe cases.

Transmission and Spread

The disease spreads through direct contact with infected nasal or throat secretions, such as through coughing or sneezing. It can also spread via airborne transmission by inhaling contaminated air. Notably, the virus can remain active and infectious in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours, making it highly transmissible in crowded environments.

Symptoms and Risk Groups

Initial symptoms include high fever, usually appearing 10–14 days after exposure, along with a runny nose, persistent cough, red and watery eyes, and characteristic white spots inside the cheeks. A skin rash typically develops later, starting on the face and spreading downward. Unvaccinated individuals are most at risk, particularly young children and pregnant women, who are more likely to experience severe complications.

Important Facts for Exams

• Measles is caused by a virus of the paramyxovirus family.
• It spreads through airborne droplets and contaminated surfaces.
• Virus can remain infectious in air for up to two hours.
• Measles-rubella (MR) vaccine provides long-term immunity.

Prevention and Treatment Measures

There is no specific antiviral treatment for measles. Management primarily focuses on supportive care, including hydration and treatment of complications. Prevention remains the most effective strategy, achieved through immunisation with the measles-rubella (MR) vaccine, which is safe and provides long-lasting protection against the disease.